Statistics paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Statistics paper - Essay Example Commercial sample showed a strong negative correlation (r=0.98) while residential sample showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.97) between the bill size and the delay. The date of a payment can be predicted by the regression equations derived separately for commercial and residential samples. Late bill payments always trouble the service providers by interrupting their future planning and investments. Delay can be varied from a day to few months or sometimes a year. It is really helpful if a service provider can predict the date of the payment. The size of the bill may have a relationship with the number of days the payment delays. It may take a long time for a customer to pay a large bill than a small bill or it could be vice versa. However if such a relationship is found the service provider can use it to predict payment dates and work accordingly. The mean values of the total and sub samples (commercial and residential) were calculated. Regression analysis (linear) was performed using Excel and SPSS statistical packages to find out possible correlations between the size of the bill and number of days the payment delayed. Size of the bill was considered as the independent variable in this analysis. Regression analysis for total sample (figure 1) showed no correlation between bill size and delay. However regression analysis for commercial sample (figure 2) showed strong negative correlation. This explains their behavioral trend of paying large bill more quickly than that of the small bills. The residential customers expressed a totally different behavior than the commercial customers. They delay the payment as the bill size increases. Amongst the commercial customers the bill size negatively correlated with the delay while it was positively correlated with the delay amongst the residential customers. The date of a payment can be predicted by the following regression

What an education means to me Essay Example for Free

What an education means to me Essay â€Å"Education is a progressive discovery of our ignorance† says Will Durant (1885-1981) Education liberated me from ignorance and placed me in a high pedestal to wine and dines with the intellectuals and not mere men. Sometimes I wonder what my life would have been, without being educated. Like they say education is expensive, then why don’t you try ignorance? A life without education is a passive one. In everything I believe â€Å"basics are the mother of all knowledge† hence, societal development is highly dependent on the literacy level of its citizen. Education to me can either be an informal education or formal education. Informal education is a type of education which is outside the school premises while those of formal are within the school settings. Informal education given to me by my parents helped me a lot and equipped me with basic skills in human relationship and communication skills on which I was able to build upon. This gave me a starter dose. As a child, the elementary school introduces me to the basic skills, information and attitude necessary to thrive in my society. I was also introduce to the principles of reading, writing and spelling and even to some basic arithmetic. I was also introduced to some forms of fine arts, elementary science and some forms of handicraft. Education taught me the creative use of my mind and how to make it work for me in all aspect of my life. It gave me the capacity and ability to evaluate information and to predict future outcomes. I can also effectively recognize and evaluate different points of view even when arguing with my colleagues or friend and not creating a kind of enmity. Education also trained me to seek out alternative solutions and evaluate them when there is need for such, this I called problem solving skills. Education gave me a better understanding of my culture and environment and also helped me to learn history of my country, and an insight into that of others. With all the knowledge and wisdom from such learning I was able to integrate that with some aspect of my life. Acquisition of information about the past and present: including traditional disciplines such as literature, history, science, mathematics was as a result of education and this influence the development of every community. Without education knowledge and history can not be passed from one generation to the other. Education also influences my religion and this has guided my beliefs and actions. The influence of education on self esteem can not be underestimated. Taking my life as a case study, I used to be someone with a low self esteem until I got to realize what self esteem is all about and its effect my actions, life in totality. The sense of well-being, i. e. my mental and physical health has greatly improved. I’m now able to acquire some values and attitude that is highly essential in the competitive and dynamic worlds of ours. The role of education in personal values is very important, because this gave me an opportunity of self-realization and self reflection which is germane to the awareness of my innate abilities and goals. Educations taught me â€Å"morals† which simply means acting in a right manner and knowing how to deal with people. Knowledge of moral practices and ethical standards acceptable by society and culture can only be achieved via education. Everything my religion taught me about morals was as a result of my ability to read, think and takes actions, which are all by-products of education. It’s often said that where there’s no law there’s no sin, hence people can only behave well when they are taught the benefits of acting right towards their fellow citizen. This simply gives capacity and ability to be a good citizen. Education is a prerequisite for an intellectual pursuit. From mine point of view is education simply makes people respect you and recognize you and your achievements. I believe there can be a professor without education and there can’t be a civilized society without education. Culture which is a way of life can only be acquired through education and exposure to the arts. Formation of healthy social and or formal relationships among and between students, teacher, others are some of the importance of education to my life. Culture is also maintain and kept from one age to the other as a result of education. My utmost view of education is that I will be able to earn a living, make the right choice, strengthening my character, becomes strong, develop my body soul and spirit and live a fulfill life. With my career I will be of use to my immediate environment. Above all education makes a better leader. I will conclude this piece by quoting the words of B. F skinner and Jack Stack which says â€Å"Education is what survives when what has been learnt has been forgotten†. – B. F. Skinner â€Å"When you appeal to the highest level of thinking, you get the highest level of performance†. -Jack Spack Reference Teachers mind resource. (2008). The meaning of education. Teacher’s mind resource. Retrieved July 9, 2008. From www. teachersmind . com

Ethical Dilemmas of Genetic Prenatal Screening Essay -- Genetic Testing

One of the questions that has recently plagued me has been that of which is about the genetic structuring of our offspring. I ask myself, will we able to choose the physical features our child? If so, do we as a society think this will be an ethical practice? Perhaps, scientifically, this might be entirely possible, but law will most likely restrict it. An article written by Frederic Golden helped me draw some understanding on this hot topic. Golden commences his article with a brief story of a mother and father who have been through prenatal testing. They tested for Down syndrome and an inheritable neuromuscular disease. While it was a straightforward procedure that was deemed valid by their doctor, Blue Cross (their insurance provider) refused to pay the bill, even though it was only $300. â€Å"It often opens up a Pandora’s box of questions that tear not only into pocketbooks but our psyches: What if the news from a test is bad? Or ambiguous? Should the fetus be aborted? Or should the child be brought into the world in hopes that a cruel disease can be managed or cured? And w... Ethical Dilemmas of Genetic Prenatal Screening Essay -- Genetic Testing One of the questions that has recently plagued me has been that of which is about the genetic structuring of our offspring. I ask myself, will we able to choose the physical features our child? If so, do we as a society think this will be an ethical practice? Perhaps, scientifically, this might be entirely possible, but law will most likely restrict it. An article written by Frederic Golden helped me draw some understanding on this hot topic. Golden commences his article with a brief story of a mother and father who have been through prenatal testing. They tested for Down syndrome and an inheritable neuromuscular disease. While it was a straightforward procedure that was deemed valid by their doctor, Blue Cross (their insurance provider) refused to pay the bill, even though it was only $300. â€Å"It often opens up a Pandora’s box of questions that tear not only into pocketbooks but our psyches: What if the news from a test is bad? Or ambiguous? Should the fetus be aborted? Or should the child be brought into the world in hopes that a cruel disease can be managed or cured? And w...

HNA Case

HNA group’s five blocks of business are all interrelated around the airline industry and tourism space. All business blocks compliment each other and are instrumental toward HNA group’s achieving success in the â€Å"soaring plan†, going forward. The strategic organization of the HNA group in terms of visible resources, organizational resources, financial resources and human resources allow it to synergize across its business blocks and derive profitability which is higher than individual players in each of these businesses. Looking at major crises that affected the HNA Group, such as the SARS epidemic and oil price fluctuations, I believe that being in multiple blocks of business allows the group to hedge its risks against such unexpected global events. Air transport is definitely the major growth area for the HNA group, generating 78% of the group’s revenue. Efficient operations and lean management allow it to derive higher margins compared to its competitors. The group’s plans in this business block are aggressive, indicated by the formation of Grand China airlines. Airports are directly complementary to the airline operations and provide an avenue to grow and expand, with the increasing Chinese government policy towards privatization of airports. The tourism block and the hotels block complement each other in addition to benefiting the air transport business. The relative industries serve a primary purpose of diversifying the Group’s assets, protecting it against unexpected global fluctuations. Looking at the HNA group’s current financial distress, I believe that the HNA group could look at generating some cash immediately by disposing off some of its high value physical assets or some of its relative industries. The group has high fixed assets amounting to $1636 million, which include some high value properties in business districts where they face direct competition from international chains like the Marriott and the Hilton group. From 2004 to 2008, revenue from hotels increased from 3% to 4%, which is not very significant. Also, relative industries such as department stores, property management and computer systems do not figure prominently in revenue figures for 2008. Finance and commerce look like attractive industries to enter. They are complementary to each other in several respects and generate 31% of HNA’s revenue in 2008. Further expansion in these areas and ways to integrate these businesses with the primary businesses of air transport, hotels and airports is the direction that I would recommend that the HNA group should pursue.

Movies and Television Shows Should Include Better Role Models for Their Audiences Essay

I’m sure it has happened plenty of times. When you finish watching a movie and afterwards feel so inspired. This is often when the movie hero was presented as someone we would like to be or has a personality that we admire. Sometimes it can be other characters that are shown to be â€Å"cool†, attractive, and popular that also inspires us to mimic their personality traits. Movies can also prompt us to try certain activities. Of course this can be seen as the beneficial side of media; the fact that there could be that one movie that has the power to influence someone to become a better person. But like almost everything, there’s a downside to it too. The fact that media can be convincing in positive ways suggests that it can equally convey negative messages as well. The way that movies or television shows portray their characters is something that definitely needs to be paid attention to. The rebellious heroes, senseless social statuses, and unhealthy activities characters engage in are all factors that will influence the audience. Therefore it is important to consider whether it is worth presenting the characters in this way. A large majority of movies are presenting their characters as bad people, yet the people that anyone would find themselves wanting to be. I believe that is wrong, thus movies and TV shows should include better role models for their audiences. Current movies portray violence without consequence, inaccurate representations of social statuses and social interaction, and encourage characters to engage in activities with more harm than good. Many of the heroes in movies happen to be quite rebellious and are often involved in violence. It’s usually the fact that they’re so involved in violence that helps them obtain their cool, heroic status. The characters we see as role models are always showing that violence can be used as a quick fix for conflicts to avoid negative consequences. K. A. Earles states, â€Å"This depiction of violence increases the probability that violence will be one of the first strategies chosen by a child. † Bandura, a professor in psychology at Stanford University demonstrated that preschoolers learn aggressive behavior by watching television. Three groups of children were shown a film n which a man commands a human-sized doll to move, and when it did not he hit the doll with his fists, a mallet, and then rubber balls. In other words, he used violence as an immediate strategy. Group one saw the man rewarded. Group two saw the episode end without reward or punishment. Group three saw the actor receive a verbal lecture. After watching the film, the children in groups one a nd two were seen to behave more aggressively than the ones in group three. This proves that the consequences characters find themselves facing has quite a strong impact on how the audience will act. What encourages violence even more is that it is often carried out by the hero in the story line who is then rewarded for his/her endorsement in violence. â€Å"Such constant exposure to portrayals of physical violence, some of which viewers do not even recognize as violent, may dull a child’s aversion to this behavior. † says K. A. Earles. Reenactments of national worldwide disasters such as terrorism scenes or brutal wars are one thing. But for a fictional superhero to battle and beat his â€Å"enemies† with realistic and bloody dramatizations is not a good way to entertain kids. There aren’t many positive or useful characteristics of the role model heroes for the children to gain besides their â€Å"charismatic† and â€Å"brave† personalities but they express these lovely character traits through violence. They care for the ones who are in danger so they save them with violence. As they stand up to their enemy and begin to battle them they show out their bravery. These heroes are showing young boys that if you are not strong enough, not brave enough to endorse in a physical fight then you are not capable to be someone as amazing and powerful as they are. Physical strength is spotlighted while intellectual strength is forgotten. Sharon Lamb, a professor of mental health at University of Massachusetts-Boston surveyed 674 boys aged 4 to 18 to analyze marketing trends for action figures and movies. This resulted in violence, emotional aloofness, and general hyper-masculinity being the main messages directors of these movies are promoting to young boys. This shows us that there aren’t many useful or healthy things these movies are promoting to their audiences. This only leads me to conclude that directors need to think over the way they are presenting their heroes. Violence is not the only existing strategy. As well as action movies, there are the modern teenage soap operas. I’ve noticed that these programs have a distorted portrayal of the theoretically existing teenage social statuses. There are always the good people and the bad people, the â€Å"cool† people and the â€Å"lame† ones. Although most television programs are to entertain, having a message or lesson for the audience to gain is also important. As mentioned earlier, the way the characters are portrayed is very significant to the audience since they are what influence the audience. There are the more obvious heroes which are the supermen in action movies but the less spotlighted ones in calmer, closer-to-reality programs. In these kinds of films, the â€Å"hero† would be a character the audience finds themselves admiring and looking up to. This depends on the way the characters in the film are presented. A person who our society would admire and want to be has very precise but general character traits; a confident, rich, bossy girl who has an attractive appearance and good leadership skills. It’s practically the same for boys. Society’s image of a picture perfect female or male is neglecting the many other personality traits of a human being that makes them a good and interesting person. Movies present the â€Å"popular guy† typically as someone who is necessarily good at sports for instance, and send the message to younger boys that if they are not good at sports they can’t expect to be at the top of the theoretical social scale regardless of other good qualities they can have. The same goes for girls. These films portray the â€Å"popular† girls as girls who are very narrowed down in their interests. Female adolescents are portrayed as being obsessed with their appearance. † Smart people are shown to be socially unaccepted. â€Å"Intellects are frequently viewed as social misfits. † These movies are encouraging and strengthening society’s distorted image of who the â€Å"popular† kids should be and contribute to a very inaccurate picture of what social interaction and social status is built on in reality. Young girls or boys may start to think that if they are not what the â€Å"cool kids† are presented as in movies, then they will not be successful or liked. This is definitely not the kind of message that should be sent to the younger generations. Lastly, quite a few of the activities characters in movies or TV shows engage in are not healthy and do not set good examples for young teens. The usage of alcohol and drugs is always by the cool, popular kids who will then convince the kids and teens a part of their audience to try them at one point. â€Å"Social Learning Theory suggests that children learn by watching, imitating, and assimilating. † This only proves that the majority of the children that are exposed to media that is practically encouraging alcohol and drug usage will most likely try it in attempt to imitate their role models. Movies propel the idea of these bad habits being â€Å"cool†. With teenagers picking up their first cigarette as early as 14 years of age, evidently there’s a problem. As many parents and adults may have noticed, kids/teens are beginning to have a distorted idea of what sex is all about and media may be the main cause for their way of thinking. Many movies and shows portray it as a normal thing to indulge in, therefore teens are enacting what they see from the media and often end up being pregnant or contracting a sexually transmitted disease. A study was done on 75 girls in which half were pregnant. It was found that the pregnant girls watched more soap operas than the non-pregnant girls and were found more surprised when told that their favorite soap opera characters used any sex protection. According to the National Survey of Children, males who watched more television were found to be more sexually active than the ones who watched less television. â€Å"Television may be a significant contributor to the sexual practices and attitudes of young people. † All of these things may be a part of a movie to show what it’s like out there but there must be some sort of proof of it being a bad thing to no give out the wrong message. Having characters in movies continuously smoking cigarettes and never even considering the consequences of having sex may influence kids in a completely wrong way. All of these reasons strongly suggest that the role models portrayed in movies and television shows can influence the younger audiences in negative ways. If teenagers are continuously exposed to such behaviors their minds will adjust to thinking in a certain way and no matter how hard their loved ones will afterwards try to convince them that these activities are wrong, that these behaviors are wrong, they will not be capable of changing their minds. Dear parents, are you okay with your 14 year old daughter already indulging in sexual activity, and your 15 year old son reacting violently and aggressively to any confrontations? Dear world, do you believe it’s acceptable for young girls to stress about their appearance and feel bad about themselves simply because of the way they look? For boys to believe that sports are what they are bound to engage in to be liked? Directors of movies should start to think how to get society to think differently, rather than encourage its shallow beliefs. Fighting scenes should not be the only entertaining scenes for kids. More creative ways of how to entertain children in a positive way could be thought of. The modern teenage popular kids should all have different interests and be liked for who they are and not what they look like. Pathetic assumptions and senseless social statuses in general should be presented in a brighter way in programs. Unhealthy activities should be portrayed as the bad things to do rather than the â€Å"cool† things. Kids will follow their role models, and if they’re role models are doing good things, it’s likely they will too.

Free sample - Anthropology. translation missing

Anthropology. AnthropologyAnthropology   refers   to   the   study of   human   beings   and   their   cultures.   This   study   cuts   across   the   natural   sciences,   humanities   as   well   as   the   social   sciences.   The main   focus   of   the   study   is   to   investigate   the   origin   of   man (Willigen, 1993).   It   deals   with   the   origins   of   homo   sapiens,   homo   sapiens   characteristics,   behavior,   how   evolutionary   past  Ã‚  Ã‚   of   homo   sapiens  Ã‚   affects   its   social   organization   as   well   as   culture   and   the   reason   for   differences   among   different   groups   of   people.   Anthropology   basically   has   four   subfields:   archaeology,   cultural/ social   anthropology,   linguistic   anthropology   and   physical/ biological   anthropology   (Strauss, 1963). Archaeology   is   a   subfield   that   is   concerned   with   the   study   of  Ã‚   the   material   remains   of   various   artifacts  Ã‚   such   as   buildings,   tools, and   pottery   of   different   communities.   This   study   aims   at   establishing   the   cultures   as well   as   the   cultural   evolution   of these   societies (Willigen, 1993).   The   professionals   involved   in   this   study   are   referred to   as   anthropological   archaeologists.   They   mostly   focus   on   the   prehistoric   cultures   since   they   have   not   been   documented   as   well   as   early   animal   domestication   and   metal   use (Willigen, 1993).  Ã‚   Anthropological   archaeologists  Ã‚   mainly   attempt   to   establish   several   things   from   the   artifacts   they   collect. They   at tempt   to   establish   the social   dispensation   of   the   culture,   the   relationship   of   this   culture   with   others   in   the   area,   the   nature   of   the   physical   environment   of   that particular   area   as   well   as   the   animal   and   plant   resources   of   the   area,   if   the   culture   under study   engaged   in   domestication   of   animals   and   plants,   the   people’s  Ã‚   religion,   population   size,   health,   and   technology ,  Ã‚   causes   for   cultural collapse   and   finally   the   reasons   for   cultural   evolution/change(Willigen, 1993) .   Biological/   physical   evolution   on   the   other   hand   is   concerned   with   the   biological   aspect   of   people.  Ã‚   It   further   attempts   to   establish   how   the   biological   nature   of   human   beings   relates   to their   cultural   practices,   evolution   as   well   as   their   environment (Willigen, 1993).   This   subfield   is   further   divided   into   three   main   branches   which   are:  Ã‚   paleoanthropology,  Ã‚   primatology,   and   the   study   of   modern   variation   as   well as   adaptation of   human   beings (Strauss, 1963).   Paleoanthropology  Ã‚   is   basically   concerned   with   the   study   of   human   fossils   as   well   as   their   close   relatives   while   primatology   focuses   on the   study   of   primates   such   as   humans,   ap es,   monkeys   and prosimians (Willigen, 1993).   References Strauss, C. (1963). Structural   Anthropology.   London: Oxford   University   Press Willigen, J. (1993)   Applied   Anthropology.   London:   Oxford   University   Press

Academic Freedom essays

Academic Freedom essays James Madison once said, A people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives. A popular government without the means of acquiring information is a prologue to a tragedy. It is because I agree with Madison that I stand in strong affirmation of the resolution, When in conflict, academic freedom in U.S. High Schools ought to be valued above community standards. To better clarify the round I offer the following definitions (definitions). The ultimate value that will be upheld in todays debate will be that of Knowledge, knowledge is generally defined as acquaintance with fact or truth. It is the state of knowing or understanding. I have one observation dealing with my value: my opponent my argue that knowledge is undesirable because the information we require my be untrue and leads us astray. You should note that this argument is illegitimate because it does not attack knowledge; it attacks false hood, which by definition cannot be knowledg e. My value will be supported through my Criterion of the Cost Benefit Analysis, where I will show you that the benefits we as a society would receive through academic freedom greatly outweigh the costs. Therefore the person that can show more benefits than cost through their value should win the round. I will now proceed to uphold my value through three main levels of analysis. The first level will consist of showing how community standards cannot be defined in a society such as ours. Second I will show how restricting academic freedom makes society more vulnerable to irrational prejudices. And finally the third level will express how the marketplace of ideas is necessary in Americas High Schools. My first level of analysis: Community Standards cannot be defined in a society such as ours. The first step in this level will be the realization that only personal standards exist. Supreme Court Justice Stewart once stat...

The Top 4 SAT Reading Strategies You Must Use

The Top 4 SAT Reading Strategies You Must Use SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If the Reading section of the SATis challenging for you, you may be wondering what you can do to make sure you’re extra prepared. In this article, I’ve put together our top strategies for gaining confidence and improving your scores. SAT Reading Strategy #1: Practice Eliminating Wrong Answers The fundamental strategy of SAT Reading is that there is only one totally correct answer for each question, and you will be able to eliminate all three of the others based on evidence in the passage.This is easier said than done, which is why it’s important to work on eliminating answers in practice questions before taking the SAT for real. Remember that it’s all in the details!Even with questions that don't ask about literal facts from the passage, you will still be able to find direct evidence for your answer.If an answer choice includes something that doesn’t match up with the information presented in the passage, get rid of it. Sometimes you'll have to look outside the specific lines referenced in the question for additional context. It's also helpful to answer questions in your own words first if they seem a bit confusing. That way you'll already have a rough idea of what the answer should be and are less likely to be tricked into choosing an answer that is slightly off. Many students get tripped up by answer choices that are plausible interpretations of information in the text but aren’t supported by direct evidence.Don’t let that be you! SAT ReadingStrategy #2: Find a Good Passage Reading Method Before you take the SAT, it’s important to know how you plan to attack passages so you don’t panic or run out of time on the real test.There are a few different ways you can read passages. You should test out each of them on a timed practice test to see which one feels best for you. Method #1: Skim the Passage First This is a method that works well for many people because it allows you to get a strong grasp on the main ideas of the passage before reading the questions (while also not wasting too much time). The best way to skim a long passage is to read the intro and conclusion paragraphs and then read the first and last sentences of every body paragraph.This way you’ll understand the main points the author is trying to make and be able to answer big picture questions about the passage.If you need to go back and read certain parts again to sort out details, you can do that on a question-by-question basis. Method #2: Skip Right to the Questions This might sound like a scary thing to advocate, but it actually works pretty well because the SAT gives you line numbers for most Reading questions. You can answer all the questions about details in the passage and vocabulary in context first. Sometimes the information you need isn't contained in the lines given by the question, so don't be afraid to look outside of them for more context. Once you've answered a few detail questions, you’ll probably have a good sense of the author’s main argument and be able to answer big picture and inference questions as well.If not, you can always go back and use the skimming process in Method #1 to clear up any confusion. Method #3: Read the Passage Thoroughly This is the method that most people use instinctively because it’s what they’ve been taught to do in school.It may work fine for you, but be careful to experiment and verify that you’re not losing too much time by reading closely. Some people read quickly under pressure but don't actually absorb any information. Make sure you know that you're both a quick AND thorough reader before you decide to use this method. It's ok to use shortcuts on the SAT as long as you still arrive at the right answer! Bonus Strategy #2.5: Answer Questions in a Logical Order Based on Your Reading Method Once you find the method that words best for you, you should use it to inform the order in which you answer questions on the Reading section. If you use Method #1 and skim the passage or use Method #3 and read all the way through first, answer big picture questions first while the main ideas of the passage are still fresh in your mind. If you use Method #2 and skip straight to the questions, answer detail questions first. SAT Reading Strategy #3: Understand Your Mistakes If you don’t make the effort to understand your mistakes on practice tests, you’re not going to learn from them, and you won’t improve your scores!Try to avoid saying â€Å"oh, I just made a dumb mistake†. Really get specific about why you messed up so you can fix the problem next time. Here are all the different types of mistakes you might come across on the Reading section along with information on how to address the problems associated with each of them: Types of Mistakes Type 1: Time Pressure Did you run out of time before reaching a question or answer it wrong because you were rushing?Try to figure out why you’re so pressed for time. You may need to change your passage reading strategy or do more practice tests to get used to the format. Type 2: Misunderstanding the Question Make sure you know what the question is asking before you do ANYTHING else.If questions on the SAT often confuse you, try restating them in your own words before looking for an answer.Don’t fall for the SAT's use of tricky wording. Type 3: Content Weakness If you’re making mistakes in areas where you don’t know the material, you’ll need to do some serious additional studying.For the Reading section, content weakness is usuallyless of an issue.The best way to fix this is to readmore challenging materials in your daily life. This will help you practice the reading comprehension skills you're expected to exercise on the SAT. Type 4: Carelessness Did you miss an â€Å"EXCEPT† in the question? Did you rush and not read carefully enough?Remind yourself to read carefullyand special attention to words like â€Å"least† or â€Å"except†.Try different strategies to reduce the time pressure on yourself and prevent rushing. As you take practice tests, mark every question that you’re unsure about (even the ones that you end up getting right), and come back to it later so you can analyze why it confused you.This is incredibly productive because it forces you to confront exactly what’s happening to make you lose points. Whenyou get to the real test, you won’t run into any questions that trip you up because you’ll be prepared for everything that once stumped you. Careless mistakes are the most painful mistakes. Although, judging by the state of the cone, this person was confused and tried to eat the ice cream upside down. In that case it was content weakness. SAT Reading Strategy #4: Figure Out Which Questions Are Your Problem, and Practice Them This goes hand in hand with analyzing your mistakes.Even if you know what your mistakes are, you won't be able to correct them until you get into the SAT trenches and start doing practice questions that challenge you in the same ways. If time is your problem, this might be a matter of taking more timed practice tests to get used to the pressure.If you struggle with specific question types or content areas, it’s a matter of practicing those question types over and over again until you can practically do them with your eyes closed. This means that you shouldn’t just buy an SAT review book, read it cover to cover, and expect to improve. You need to be specific about your main areas of weakness.Every time you miss or are even slightly unsure about a question on a practice test, circle it so you can come back to it later and figure out which type of question it is. By keeping track of the question types you tend to miss the most, you can detect patterns in your mistakes. Review If you want to get your best score ever on SAT Reading, there are a few key strategies you should follow to make the most of your studying: Strategy #1: Practice eliminating wrong answers Strategy #2: Find a good passage reading method Strategy #3: Make sure you understand your mistakes Strategy #4: Figure out which questions are your problem and practice them With these strategies, you should be able to correct any issues you’re having on the reading section and end up with a great score! What's Next? Now that you know the top strategies for SAT Reading, you should also check out my article on the best SAT Reading tips for more quick ways to improve your scores. If you're aiming for a perfect score on Evidence-Based Reading and Writing , take a look at our article detailing how to get an 800. Trying to decide where to start in terms of SAT Reading practice? Read this article on the best way to practice for the Reading section. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Child Physical Performance The Concept of Motor Development Essay

Child Physical Performance The Concept of Motor Development - Essay Example Whatever the case, it is apparent that some specific motor habits and activities are expected of children between a certain age group, that is surely linked with their expected neuromotor development. Expected Activities: the age group under consideration for studying the link between neuromotor development and movement mechanics in humans has been from children of ages 5 to 12. The basic neurological functions have by now developed enough in children between these age limits to enable them to perform certain activities that are universal in this context and form the basis of the study of movement science. Any abnormalities can then be examined easily as we already have the established and the expected activity range for these children. The method of data collection may differ among the scientists, but it is unanimously agreed that there are a total of eleven basic activities that should be performed by children of this age group. These activities are known as fundamental motor skills (NSW 1997), and they form the basis of all the other and more advanced activities that an individual performs later in his life (NSW 1997). Six of these activities would be discussed in this paper. The first among those activities is running. Through studies it has been established that among both boys and girls, this skill is expected to be mastered by the age of 10, however, if any child has not learned to perform it properly till the age of 6, it is unlikely that he or she would learn to do so ever in the future (NSW 1997). Running is one of the most common fundamental skills performed by children in this age group. The skill of kicking has shown to increase and improve drastically with age, from the limit of 5 to the limit of 12, with much more boys performing the skill than girls, and the general trend of increased proportions in the learning of this skill, too, had a steeper gradient among boys than among girls (NSW 1997). This trend in itself reflects upon the differences in the physical activities expected of boys from girls based clearly upon the differences between their physical make up and neuro-muscular development. Behavioral traits and differences might come into play here, too. The skill of the catch is expected almost at an equal level and statistical proportions from both the boys and the girls in the towards the lower limit of the age group under study, however, with the advancement of age towards the upper limit, there is a marked increase in the number of boys who can perform it as compared to the number of girls who can perform it at the same age limit, and even the ratio of increasing skill acquisition of the catch among the boys with age is much higher than

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example (Gilman, 28) Drowning, however, transpires not only death or thrashing of self, but also a pursuit for discovering the self. Discussion The narrator's flaking away the wallpaper for finding the ensnared woman within is symbolic of her plunge into her own psyche, from which revisiting, rebirth, "surfacing," is doable. This rebirth connotes again the recurrent image of dying and death that is prevalent in The Yellow Wallpaper. The narrator moves down into madness before she can appear as justly and divinely sane. In her jump deep into the wallpaper, bearing the ‘repellent’ color that was almost ‘revolting’ (Gilman, 32), she discovers not only repugnant images of suffocation and imprisonment but also a mirror figure of her own ripped psyche. This equates death to some extent. The woman in "The Yellow Wallpaper" has a very slow demise. The story covers the summer months. She reveals several glimpses of her perceptions of her husband and his treatment of her. Alt hough she never mentions physical abuse, the reader is lead to believe John is very indifferent to his wife's feelings and needs. He seems to have very little time for her and does not really even believe she is sick. This gives some insight into why she might feel a need to escape. The writings about her slight hysteria give way to very disturbing images of her creeping along the walls of her room as though desperately seeking an escape. Because "The Yellow Wallpaper" is told in first-person format and from the central character's point of view, the reader is confronted with a vast amount of information about her emotions. In "The Yellow Wallpaper" the central character is a woman who feels trapped and is searching for an escape. That escape comes for both of them in the end, although it is not an expected form of escape. After all, nobody would expect to escape an unhappy life by plunging into insanity or by dying. Insanity may be called in some ways the intellectual death. But th at is the escape found by these two women. It is based on the repression of women in the 19th century and also exposes the pitiable state of equality of women in societies. Women have been considered the creature that can be suppressed and oppressed in the desired manner by the male dominating societies. Male chauvinism has always been exercised on women which is parallel to death of a real feministic survival in society. A woman has been considered a tool or instrument of satisfaction and no more than that. This is what may be called the death of a whole gender. Undeniably, this touches the topic of feminism and liberation of women from social stratification. The woman who was confined in the room fundamentally represents all women in society who strive for equal rights. However, the wallpaper replicates what the major character and women was passing through. By shredding the wallpaper down, the protagonist held that she could win her self-determination, which indeed happened at th e conclusion. The very title bears a great significant image of death or dying. Yellow is an emblem of lifelessness or in other words death. The fissures and markings on the wallpaper demonstrate the moans of women and the color yellow represent death or dying. The bed represents their marriage and the woman she saw behind the bars in the wallpaper

Proposal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Proposal - Research Paper Example special learning strategies, worked out for autistic students and there is almost no researches directed on the study of teacher’s role in the learning process of autistic students. This proposal makes an emphasis on the importance of teacher’s role in the learning process of autistic students and underlines the necessity of an individualistic approach and personal charisma of a teacher. At the same time, there is no a necessity to delimit normal students from students with autism. Their talents and creative potentials are equal. An emphasis on teacher’s positive and patient attitude to autistic students can be explained by a strong motivation occurrence in the learning process. Teacher’s positive attitude stimulates autistic students to work hard and keep pace with their group mates. Another strong point is that teacher’s attitude should be formed with regard to special teaching strategies though not turning into a ‘template teaching’. Therefore a combination of general teaching strategies with special teaching strategies; involvement of creative strategies in the learning process and an active communication of teacher and students are considered as the most appropriate techniques in teaching autistic students. Autism is a disorder in brain, which influences on learning abilities of a student. In accordance with definition provided by APA (2000), autism is characterized by disorders influencing on communicative and social abilities and behavior of a student. A degree of various behaviors in different spheres of activity differs among autistic individuals (Joshi, 2002). Teachers of autistic students should pay attention to development of communicative skills (Rao & Gagic, 2006). Teacher-student communication is often disturbed by social prejudices concerning autistic students. They are often treated by teachers as students with less creative potential, talents etc. In order to change teachers’ attitudes to students with autism, it is relevant to

What are the organisational benefits of performance review Essay

What are the organisational benefits of performance review - Essay Example While these individuals may differ on how and when performance reviews should be conducted they are all united on the point that such reviews and the review process itself is an essential part of employee growth which in turn leads to the growth of the company. Jack Welch served as the CEO of General Electric for more than two decades and links performance reviews to the overall mission of the company. Welch (2005, Pg. 16) says that â€Å"Every decision or initiative was linked to the mission. We publicly rewarded people who drove the mission and let go of people who couldn’t deal with it for whatever reason.† GE’s own mission, when Welch was running the company, was to be the most competitive company in the world which fits with the two pronged approach of rewarding and doing the utmost to keep the best talent within the company and letting go of those who do not perform to a certain level. Such tactics could only be employed when effective performance review processes are in place and GE’s system for performance reviews has been lauded by critics and copied verbatim by the competition simply because it is one of the best. The current issues faced by our organisation are mostly concerned with the human resource management of the company. Before an outline of these issues as well as a discussion of the problems is made, it must be noted that none of these issues are large enough to cripple the company but they do make the management process more difficult. Additionally, all these issues come with simple solutions and if those solutions are applied with careful consideration there should be no reason why the company can not gain competitive advantages over time. The central issue for the company comes from the fact that many of our senior managers and other personnel have little or no formal training in management which leads to a lack of

A SWOT analysis explores the relationship between the environmental Essay

A SWOT analysis explores the relationship between the environmental influences and the strategic capabilities of an organisation - Essay Example Critically speaking, it is a fact that an internal strategic capability analysis puts the entire focus on the way the environment gets in contact with the product that is marketed under the aegis of an organization. The direct link with the competitors is always apparent in the case of one such analysis. However, what is most important here is that the product is compared against its own basis nonetheless. The manner in which the link between the environmental influences and the strategic capabilities of an organization is made clear is something that brings sanity within the realms of an organization. It puts the basis right of many an undertakings within the business enterprise and tells the senior management where they are going wrong and what corrective steps need to be taken under their aegis (Devane, 2007). Therefore a SWOT analysis is a good enough beginning for finding out where the product is at a particular period in time. It finds out where it will be in a given time as we ll. This is important because the product within the aegis of an organization is moving from one position to another, and discerning new avenues of growth and development all this while. This consistent race to reach the coveted top position within the industrial settings ensure that the product will bring in new standards and advancements to make sure success comes about in full circle (Richter, 2009). The SWOT analysis would eventually be the difference between how things are being managed and how these shall be taken care of in the coming days. It is of fundamental significance to realize the gravity of the situation at hand because the SWOT analysis presents a clear cut picture of where the strengths and weaknesses lie within the internal realms and how the opportunities can be cashed upon and the threats be reduced to larger proportions. The entire understanding of the SWOT analysis emanates from finding out where the organizations are being handled properly and where they are losing ground on most of the occasions. However it is always a difficult proposition to begin with and it is imperative to know how the product under the realms of an organization aims to determine its strong points and the problems that lie close to its own basis. In keeping with this discussion, this paper tries to establish the link between the environmental influences and the strategic abilities and capabilities so that a better understanding of the product and indeed the organization is made in the long range scheme of things. Essentially the use of the Porter’s Five Forces Model suggests that success could only be achieved within the SWOT analysis if proper efforts and undertakings are incorporated within it. This would mean that the new entrants are tapped, their threats are analyzed and foreseen and the required steps are taken beforehand to thwart any hiccups that may so arise at a later point in time. The Porter’s Five Forces Model is indicative of the fact t hat the SWOT analysis will be done in an effective and efficient manner. It highlights the exact ways and means through which different threats are analyzed and thus countered with the passage of time (see Appendix 1). These five forces surround the discussion of the new entrants which could come about at any

What are the organisational benefits of performance review Essay

What are the organisational benefits of performance review - Essay Example While these individuals may differ on how and when performance reviews should be conducted they are all united on the point that such reviews and the review process itself is an essential part of employee growth which in turn leads to the growth of the company. Jack Welch served as the CEO of General Electric for more than two decades and links performance reviews to the overall mission of the company. Welch (2005, Pg. 16) says that â€Å"Every decision or initiative was linked to the mission. We publicly rewarded people who drove the mission and let go of people who couldn’t deal with it for whatever reason.† GE’s own mission, when Welch was running the company, was to be the most competitive company in the world which fits with the two pronged approach of rewarding and doing the utmost to keep the best talent within the company and letting go of those who do not perform to a certain level. Such tactics could only be employed when effective performance review processes are in place and GE’s system for performance reviews has been lauded by critics and copied verbatim by the competition simply because it is one of the best. The current issues faced by our organisation are mostly concerned with the human resource management of the company. Before an outline of these issues as well as a discussion of the problems is made, it must be noted that none of these issues are large enough to cripple the company but they do make the management process more difficult. Additionally, all these issues come with simple solutions and if those solutions are applied with careful consideration there should be no reason why the company can not gain competitive advantages over time. The central issue for the company comes from the fact that many of our senior managers and other personnel have little or no formal training in management which leads to a lack of

Difference between a Wired and Wireless Network Security Term Paper

Difference between a Wired and Wireless Network Security - Term Paper Example This kind of threat is most often accidental but sometimes may be intentional too. It includes fluctuations or surges in power supply, that is, sudden rise or sudden drop in the voltage, the efficiency of the supply and electricity failure. The voltage fluctuation tends to damage the computer system and the information stored in the random-access memory because it may cause the system to shut down suddenly. Thus, power smoothing becomes vital. This can be achieved by applying surge protectors on the power supply or by using devices like uninterruptible power supply (UPS) which are charged by the power main. These have built-in power smoothers which are greatly helpful if there is sudden failure of power supply like electricity blackout. The computers over the network are connected to the UPS and in case of electricity failure, they do not shut down all of a sudden. This helps in saving the vital information that was being processed. A power generator does the same purpose, that is, a cts as a power supply and lets the computers continue their processing without losing the information. There should be power-linked parameters connected with both the power supply and the system which give signal before electricity failure. ... In a wired network, you can see by your eyes and through the wires which and how many PCs are connected to a certain network. Hence, the second significant difference is that of trust. A wired network is directly under the control of the administrator and therefore there is a trustworthy attitude toward the whole setup. On the other hand, wireless networks suffer from distrust because you never know who is accessing you network from outside the windows within the access point. No matter how secure you make the wireless network, technology has enabled the hackers to devise more sophisticated means to create a security breach that is hidden from your eye. Hence, we see that there are differences between wired and wireless network security and none of the two types of networks is free from security breaches and threats. References Posey, B. (2005). Have Wireless Networks Surpassed the Security of Wired Networks? WindowsSecurity.com. Retrieved August 19, 2011, from http://www.windowsecur ity.com/articles/Wireless-Networks-Surpassed-Security-Wired-Networks.html Wysocki, B.J. (2005). Advanced Wired and Wireless Networks. USA:

Pharmacy Personal Statement Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy Personal Statement Essay I selected pharmacy as a career because I believe that it is caring, it is an art, a science, client centered, holistic, adaptive, concerned with health promotion, health maintenance, and health restoration and most of all I firmly agree that pharmacology is a helping profession. It is the pharmacist’s responsibilities to take care of the client who are in need of health attention. We should be able to help the client relieve his feelings of pain or in other words to alleviate the sufferings of the client. Moreover, the PharmD also further my learning in pharmacy that will make me more competitive and equip so I can serve my clients efficiently and effectively. On the other hand, I am an extremely goal – oriented person. I am a kind of an individual too who finds education very significant to man’s life. I set goals for myself in order to be successful in everything I do. I am not afraid to venture on new things as long as I know it is for my growth and development. If I am failure of something that I do, I do not pout in the corner and easily discourage. But instead, I try again and always think positive. I constantly remind myself that everything happens to me has a purpose and I should take things easily. I am not critical on things that are not on my side and even not critical with the people around. I would say that I am a hard- working, persistence, and patient individual. These characteristics have helped me to do my best to pursue my career goal no matter what difficulties have existed on my way. In addition, I make my baby girl as my inspiration to pursue my dream a pharmacist someday and later a pharmD. She is 10 months old now and I am hoping that before she starts schooling, I already obtain my desired degree because her future depends on it. Yes, I have a husband who supports our needs however he does not make much money and on top of that he likes to gamble on. So with these, I am more encouraged and determined to strive hard so I can help my family and my future clients/patients.

Introduction to Sacred Geometry

Introduction to Sacred Geometry By Arthur Simoes Introduction      Ã‚   in keeping with historic cultures, outstanding scientists, brilliant minds of philosophy and religion. knows geometry is aware of the universe, it is a language that governs all laws and rules of the cosmos. The introduction of many traditions describes the universe because the paintings of an Architect who makes use of sacred geometry to create out the dimensions of the universe, wisely designing every element of it, and controlling by means of just proportions evidenced in the geometric shapes of nature. The complete Universe (which include our solar device, as well as atoms, DNA, and beings) cover the secrets of stability, rhythm, share and harmony in range, the fractal connections of pieces with each different and the complete. This agreement is expressed with the help out some key numbers. Over the entrance to Platos academy became wrote down the word: Let none enter here who are ignorant of geometry Through time many were the number of scientists and philosophers who speaks about Sacred Geometry. Galileo, Plato, Pythagoras, St. Augustine , Johannes Kepler and others. Numbers are the thoughts of God. (St. Augustine) Mathematics is the alphabet with which God has written the universe. (Galileo) Geometry existed before the creation. It is co-eternal with the mind of GodGeometry provided God with a model for the Creation (Johannes Kepler). The sacred geometry can teach us the relationship between man and the universe as Hermes Trismegistus once said : That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above, corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracles of the One Thing. What is Sacred Geometry ? In nature, we discover styles, designs, and systems from minuscule particles, to expressions of existence great through human eyes, to the greater cosmos. those necessarily follow geometrical archetypes, which reveal to us the nature of each form and its vibrations. theyre also symbolic of the basic spiritual rule of the inseparable courting of the element to the whole. its far this principle of oneness basic all geometry that fills the architecture of all shape in its countless range. This principle of connectedness inseparability and agreement gives us with a continuous reminder of our close to the entire, a blueprint for the mind to the sacred foundation of all things created.The basic concept is that geometry and mathematical ratios, harmonics, share are also found in songs, calm, cosmology. This price is visible as commonly even in prehistory, a cultural body of the human circumstance. its far considered basic to constructing sacred structures which include temples, mosques, megaliths, monuments and churches. Many forms in observed in nature may be associated with geometry. for instance, honeybees assemble hexagonal cells to avoid their honey. Sacred geometry can be understood as a worldview of pattern popularity, a complicated system of spiritual symbols and structures related to space, time and form. consistent with this view the simple patterns of lifestyles are visible as sacred. by using connecting with those, a believer expects the first-rate Mysteries and the extremely good blueprint. Sacred geometry has existed in lots of paperwork throughout the ages it is regularly mistakenly said that geometry started with the Greeks, however, earlier than they had been the Minoans, the Egyptians, Sumerians, Indus valley, Chinese, Phoenicians and of direction, megaliths all of whom left clear geometric fingerprints in their finest constructions. The Greeks may additionally properly have been the primary to have supplied geometry to the general public at massive, but they were by no means the first to comprehend it. Golden Ratio The Golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part. This is also symbolized as phi, after the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet. In an equation that looks like this: a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ As with pi (the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter), the digits pass on and on to infinity. Phi is usually round off to 1.618. This number has been caught on and rediscovered oftentimes that is why theyve so many names to it, Golden section, divine proportion, Golden mean, and so on In records, this wide variety can be seen in an awful lot architecture of many historical creations, Pyramid Of Giza, Parthenon. on the Pyramid Of Giza, the period of every side of the base is 756 ft with a height of 481 ft. The ratio of the base to the height is 1.5717, close to the Golden ratio. Phidias (500 B.C. 432 B.C.) turned into a Greek sculptor and mathematician who is thought to have applied phi to the layout of sculptures for the Parthenon. Plato (428 B.C. 347 B.C.) taken into consideration the Golden ratio to be the most universally required of mathematical relationships. Later, Euclid (365 B.C. three hundred B.C.) related the Golden ratio to the development of a pentagram. around 1200, mathematician Leonardo Fibonacci determined the homes of the Fibonacci series. This collection is so much like the Golden Ratio because if you take two successive wide variety from the Fibonacci sequence the ratio is very near. because the numbers get larger the get in the direction of 1.618 as an instance, the ratio of 3 to five is 1.666. however, the ratio of 13 to 21 is 1.625. Getting even better, the ratio of one hundred forty-four to 233 is 1.618. The Golden Ratio can be determined in well-known artwork and sculptures from the Renaissance. In 1509, Luca Pacioli wrote a book that refers to the range because the Divine proportion, which became illustrated by Leonardo DA Vinci. Da Vinci, later himself referred to as the book Sectio Aurea or The Golden segment. Da Vinci used the Golden Ratio to demonstrate all his proportions on his painting Last Supper, in particular at the proportions of the desk on the and historical past. Golden ratio additionally appears in DA Vincis Vitruvian man and the Mona Lisa. other artists who used the Golden ratio consist of Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrandt, Seurat, and Salvador Dali. Phi is greater than a difficult to understand time period located in mathematics and physics. It seems round us in our daily lives, even in our creative views. research have proven while taking a look at topics views random faces, the ones they believe most attractive are those with solid parallels to the Golden ratio. F aces judged because of the maximum attractive display Golden ratio proportions between the width of the face and the width of the eyes, nostril, and eyebrows. The test topics werent mathematicians and physicists educated with phi they had been just common human beings, and the Golden ratio introduced out an instinctual reaction. Fibonacci and Sequence The Fibonacci is a series of numbers is observed by using adding numbers earlier than it. beginning with zero and 1, the series is going 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,23,21,34 so forth. This sequence is called after one of the best mathematicians, Fibonacci also called Leonardo Of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano. Fibonacci turned into born round 1175 to Guglielmo Bonacci, a rich Italian service provider and, through some debts, the consul for Pisa. Guglielmo directed a trading submit in Bugia North Africa. Fibonacci as a young boy traveled with him, during this time he discovered approximately the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. Fibonacci traveled at the Mediterranean coast assembly many merchants alongside the way getting to know approximately their systems of doing mathematics. He quickly found out the benefits of the Hindu-Arabic arithmetic. afterward, in 1202 he completed writing a book called Liber Abaci which confirmed the Hindu-Arabic mathematics to the Latin-speaking countries. If you havent heard of the Fibonacci spiral Let me explain: a Fibonacci spiral is a fixed of connected quarter-circles drawn internal a group of squares with Fibonacci numbers for dimensions. The squares in shape flawlessly together due to nature of the collection, wherein the following variety is same to the sum of the 2 earlier than it. Any successive numbers have a ratio near the Golden ratio, thats kind of 1.618034. the larger the Fibonacci numbers are, the nearer it gets. The spiral ensuing are known as the Golden Ratio. The Golden Ratio represented by using the Greek letter Phi. Greek architects used the ratio for plenty well-known designs and systems inclusive of the Parthenon in Athens. Sacred Geometry in the Universe We humans beings are constantly looking at nature and its beauty, with its proportions and patterns which brings attention to our eyes. We experience this in many different structures, plants, animals, and paintings. Such as the Pyramid of Giza, The Last Supper by Da vinci, a shell

Definition Essay - Genre -- Definition Essay

Definition Essay – Genre "Genre," in the most generic definition, takes the meaning "kind; sort; style" (OED). Prior to the term's inception, the notion of genre in the study of media emerged in The Poetics, with Aristotle's discussion of the mode or manner of imitation in poetry. Of this Aristotle writes, "the medium being the same, and the objects [of imitation] the same, the poet may imitate by narration - in which case he can either take another personality as Homer does, or speak in his own person, unchanged - or he may present all his characters as living and moving before us" (Aristotle, 53). Here lies the distinction between epic, lyric, and drama, a distinction based solely in convention, the usage of the medium, independent of specific content (see also Narrative/Lyric/Drama). Yet Aristotle's genre binary of Tragedy and Comedy rests on some observation of the objects of imitation themselves: "Comedy aims at representing men as worse, Tragedy as better than in actual life" (Aristotle, 52). Later, in Section IV of The Poetics , Aristotle offers another method of generating this binary, based in historical observation (or some semblance of it). One final consideration, that of a work's purpose, arises in Aristotle's definition of Tragedy as "through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions," (Aristotle, 61). In this way The Poetics sketches out the basic framework of genre; yet this framework remains loose, since Aristotle establishes genre in terms of both convention and historical observation, and defines genre in terms of both convention and purpose. In Anatomy of Criticism (1957) Northrop Frye wrote, "We discover that the critical theory of genre is stuck precisely where Aristotle left ... ...ohns Hopkins University Press, 1979. Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton University Press: Princeton. 1990. Lacey, Nick. Narrative and Genre: Key Concepts in Media Studies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Liddell & Scott. An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (Middle Liddell). London: Oxford University Press, 1968. MacLuhan, Marhsall. Understanding Media. Malmkjà ¦r, Kirsten. "Genre Analysis." The Linguistics Encyclopedia. Ed. Kirsten Malmkjà ¦r. New York: Routledge, 1991. Monaco, James. How to Read a Film. Oxford University Press: New York. 1981. Trowse, Nadeane. "The Exclusionary Potential of Genre: Margery Kempe's Transgressive Search for a Deniable Pulpit." The Rhetoric and Ideology of Genre. Cresskill, NJ: Hampston Press Inc., 2002. Warshow, Robert. The Immediate Experience. Harvard University Press: Cambridge. 2001.

Curry Powder Indusrty

INDUSTRY PROFILE India is a land of spices where many varieties are grown in the different regions of the country. The people of the country are fond of spicy food so the spices are the most important ingredient in any Indian dish. The nation is not just the big producer and consumer of spices but also a major player in international market, exporting the surplus and importing the deficit. Spices play an important role in enhancing the flavor and taste of the processed foods. They are also used in the medicines because of their carminative, simulative and digestive properties. India produces almost all the known spices and is the largest exporter of this commodity. Ground spices are extensively used in all types of curried dishes in India and abroad. Although spices are traded chiefly in an unprocessed form, a small yet significant quantity enters international trade as spice powders. Curry powder is the foremost of those blends or mixes and sometimes consists of 20 or more spices designed to add the characteristic flavor of an Indian curry, which is appreciated all over the world. Apart from the overseas market, processed curry powder is becoming popular in the domestic market also. Hence the demand for unadulterated spices and curry powder in attractive handy packaging is fast emerging. FOOD INDUSTRY IN INDIA In India, agricultural and dairy sector have achieved remarkable successes over the last three and half decades. Besides being one of the world’s largest producers of food grains. India ranks second in the world in the production of fruits and vegetables and first in milk production providing much needed foods security to the nation. India is one of the world’s major food producers but accounts for less than 1. 5%of international food trade. The value of the Indian food industry has increased from 3. 09 trillion in 1993-94 to Rs. 3. 99 trillion in 2000-01. The segment with largest growth potential have been identified as dairy, fruits and vegetables and poultry. Food marketing is a highly regulated industry. Regulation in food marketing attempted regulates competition and monopolistic condition facilitates trade, protect consumers and directly influence food price and faster economic and social progress. India produces variety of spice products. No country in the world produces as much kind of spices products as India producing. The Indian spices and curry powder market plays an important role in the daily life of Indians. Now, curry powder industries have a prominent role in food product industry in India INDIAN SPICES India is the largest producers of spices in the world as the weather is apparently suitable for the cultivation of spices. Spices are cultivating in 28 states and 7 territorial provinces in India. As of now, India is producing around 2. 5 million tones of various spices valued approximately 3 billion US$ and holding a premier position in the world. Moreover India is the major exporters of spices in the world under the auspicious of India government owned â€Å"Spices board of India†, which is the apex body for the export promotion of spices in India. This was established in 1987. The board plays a far reaching and influential role as a development, regulatory and promotional agency for Indian spices. In early days Indian people were stored the various kinds of spices such as chilly, turmeric, coriander and so on, for preparing the various dishes and gravies. These spices were separately and blending depends on the nature of dishes. Spices used to flavor with the help of indigenous tools at home by women, as that was the custom during that period. In course of time situations are changed, people are forced to use electronic devices in order to reduce their domestic job. In turns, they used readymade curry powders at their home. Gradually they have fallen in to a habit of using instant curry powders from the open market. Taken stock of this situations several firms were came forward to launch curry powder industries. That is why curry powder industries were emerging immensely all over the country. As of now curry powder industries have a prominent role in Food industry in India. CURRY POWDER The name Curry powder today is synonymous with the Indian food. The word curry is believed to be delivered from the South Indian Tamil World ‘Karhi’. During the British Raj in India, â€Å"curry† evolved as the world described Indian food cooked in this spices sauce. Over the years, the foreigners, especially British who leaved or visited India . Slowly started to introduce the curry to outside the world. The good commercial curry powder was hard to find during the early days. People had to make curry powder from scratch if they wanted quality. However, now many good curry powders are easily found in India as well as western super markets. Curry powder is blend or mixture of the different spices, which defers according to geographic regions or personal preference. CURRY POWDER INDUSTRY In the scenario, economy exhibits high line of consumerism. The curry powder industry has witnessed the entry of many companies in the Indian market by pumping huge amount of capital in order to capture the market share. However many domestic companies have emerged with various attraction products with a view to overcome the country wide companies and capturing a large number of customers. On our observation most of the companies are performing satisfactorily for a particular brand to move fast in the market it has to meet the 4 A’s. That is the market customers should be aware of it, should be an acceptable, available and affordable. Obviously, the manufactures should understand the need and wants of the customer and provides total satisfaction in order to succeed in the business world. Curry powder is a well known name among the Indian people. It is the combination of finely powdered spices. For each dish there are different curry powder spices. For each dish there are different curry powders but the ingredients are more or less the same. Now a day’s most of the housewives are using this ready-made curry powder and so the quantity required is increasing day by day. So this is an industry by which a new entrepreneur can start without second though. But the manufacturers should give attention for capturing the market. Now days not only the urban people but villages also have a craze for these ready-made curry powders. There is a good market for curry powder in India and abroad. The major players in the curry powder in India are; Eastern, Melam, Mangala, Saras, etc. As Kerala’s largest producer of condiments, â€Å"Eastern Condiments (P) Ltd† has helped to keep the famous spice route alive. With an experience of over 30 years in producing spices, they have provided their consumers with consistently high quality powders and blends â€Å"Melam† the word means a multiple of musical instruments in harmony creating a fast of exotic and exquisite music. M. V. J. Foods (India) (P) Ltd. Cochin brings out a variety curry powder and spice powder under the brand name Melam. The melam range is vast and includes a great variety of perception. â€Å"devon, THE SPICE of life† deven foods gives a wide range of aromatic spice powders and curry powders for all culinary needs. They use only best quality spices and process them in appropriate condition. â€Å"Sara spice† is the condiment producing unit of the Anna group. Company is involved in the production and exports of Indian spices. Like curry powder, Masala powder, Indian whole spices since the past two decades. CURRY POWDER MARKET Although Indian spices have been in the world market for several centuries, the curry powder business, particularly curry masala (blender, spices) has not been exploited by the Indian entrepreneurs to a significant extent. Export of this product has not registered any significant growth producers in un organized sector have dominated the domestic market, for curry powder and curry masala . Obviously the curry powder growth industries brand promotion continues to be significant till recently. However, few manufacturers from the organized sector have been promoting branded products in Kerala market recently. Competition has turned to be aggressive with the stagnation in the international market. Producing of curry powder and curry masala are involving in marketing strategies to ensure significant market shares although in specific segment DOMESTIC MARKET The India market for curry powder is estimated at Rs. 500 Cr. This is account for 25% of world consumption of curry powders. The curry powder market is estimated to be around Rs. 150Cr, with approximate 35% of market in south India. The curry powder market in Kerala is estimated at Rs 70 Cr. The market can be categorized in to 3 groups. * The premium segment The medium segment * Un organized sector In the previous segment the major brands in the market are Everest, Melam Saras and MDH . the study done by various authorities revels that moast popular Brand in the premium segment is Everest with 30% market share . Melam had 50% market share, while other brads had a negligible share in the premium segment. However, the premium makes up only 30% of the total market of curry powder in Kerala. The medium segment consist 50% of total curry powder market, Easter is the market leader in the segment. The unorganized segment consists of 20% of the total curry powder market. INTERNATIONAL MARKET Exports of spices from India usually take place in bulk form. The export of value added products are few, as none competitive prices cannot survive in the International market. Curry powder is value added spice product. the world consumption of curry powder is estimated to be 20000 metric tons in 2004, 2005. Exports of curry powder from Indian keep fluctuating between 2500 to 3500 metric tons . An analysis of annual exports of curry powders from India reveals that the exports do not show much variation . in total value terms the figures have been increasing over the years . In Indian curry powder industries, there was a few curry powder industries were existed of the beginning of which the following firms were the main producers. * MDH * EVEREST In Kerala the following a few companies were existed in producing curry powders in early stages viz. * Techno curry powder * Ambika curry powder * Rani curry powder The following are the some of the manufacturers and exporters of curry powders in India. * Asha impex (P) Ltd * Alvel sales * Amas spices * Anand Exportes * Anil grover &co * Aries Exports * B. M entrprices * Brahmins food products * C. B. R masala

Ethan Frome Essay

Ethan Frome had nothing but sickness and trouble. His life revolves around taking care of one invalid after another, from his father, his mother to his hypochondriac wife and finally ending up as a disfigured and very image of â€Å"ruin of a man†. He failed to achieve any of his ambitions to leave town and become an engineer and did not succeed even in his desire to run away with Mattie Silver. Aside from poverty, the rigid moral character of Ethan prevents him from going against the social conventions in favor of his personal ambitions and fulfillment. Set in New England, in the rural town of Starkfield, Massachusetts, this literary piece was written by Edith Wharton in 1922. The bleak environment of seemingly endless winter aptly sets the tone of the story and the fate of Ethan Frome. A narrator who was forced to stay in Starkfield because of a workers strike was instantly fascinated by Frome’s appearance that looks quite old for a man of fifty-two and disfigured since an accident twenty-four years ago when he first saw him outside of the post office. He went on to find out more about him as he â€Å"had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a different story† (1). The story of Ethan Frome is a portrayal of a passive and unhappy man who is weighed down by his duty to his wife and his bitter existence as a poor farmer. Ethan had been in Starksfield since his youth when his father died and he had to come home to take care of his ailing mother and their farm. Prior to this event, he was taking a technological course in Worcester but the lack of money prevented him from realizing his dream to become an engineer. He decided to marry Zenobia Pierce or Zeena, his cousin who came to help him care for his mother, after the burial as he was afraid to spend the winter alone. Though Zeena was lively and cheerful at first, she later on fell silent and sickly. He woulf often think that had his mother died in the springtime he would not have thought of offering marriage to Zeena. Her illnesses became her obsession as she would go on a monthly trip to Bettsbridge to see her doctor. For rural towns like Starkfield, people with sickness or complications are common topic for conversations and are â€Å"singled out for a great fate†. Zeena’s illness became her weapon that she uses to take control of the household and of Ethan. Mattie Silver actually came to the Fromes to do the household chores in exchange for the food and shelter as she was also destitute after the death of her parents. Since she was not used to doing housekeeping, Ethan would help her out in doing her chores just so she would not incur the wrath of Zeena. Ethan eventually fell in love with lively and cheerful Mattie who gave Ethan respite from the isolation and loveless match with a sickly and whining woman. The illicit relationship however advances to no more than holding of hands as both Mattie and Ethan are too afraid to defy the forces of social and marital duties. The time came though that Zeena decided to send Mattie away because of a broken red pickle dish that is symbolic in the story of the marriage of Ethan and Zeena. The idea of living apart from each other was unbearable for Mattie and Ethan that upon the suggestion of the former, they went on to take a sleigh ride that would crash them into the big elm tree. The attempted suicide failed leaving Ethan disfigured and Mattie a paralyzed woman. The irony of the story is that in the end Zeena seem to overcome her illness and became the caregiver of the now invalid, whining Mattie and the lame Ethan. The entire life of Ethan Frome had been a series of dreams destroyed because of the circumstances of him being poor and his adherence to social duty. His opportunity to leave town and finish education to eventually become an engineer was hindered when his father died and he has a farm and an ailing mother to take care of. Their farm as he said was â€Å"side-tracked† when the railroads where put up and no more people came to town. He blames this as the cause as to why his mother’s condition deteriorated. It could also mean the lost opportunities for the town and also to him as the place got left behind in the course of development. Ethan was one of the people stuck in Starkfield, a place where â€Å"most of the smart ones get away†(14) as Harmon Gow, the stage driver in the story, aptly puts it. The bleakness that surrounds Starkfield, for one thing, is not an environment that would nurture youth and create a field for dreams to come true. The narrator in the story noted that although he initially felt invigorated by the clear blue skies and shocking white of snow, this was soon followed by long periods of cold and darkness that he begun to understand the â€Å"deadness of the community† (15). In an environment that was neither nurturing nor bountiful, Ethan is further subdued into the tangled web of harshness and scarcity. The Fromes practically had to eke living from what little they could get from their farm for their survival. The connection between the land and the people is symbolic in the story. The environment made life for the townspeople difficult such as when Ethan and another man had to struggle in the sleet just to be able to transport logs. Starkfield is isolation in itself, with the places beyond it seen as a place to â€Å"get away† so as to seek a different fortune or freedom from the drab and coldness of the place. The limitations of the environment coupled with poverty further intensified the lost potentials of Ethan Frome. There was the poignant scene where the narrator accidentally left his biochemistry book in the sleigh and later on sees it in Frome’s hand. Ethan was both fascinated and humbled by the book as he exclaimed, â€Å"There are things in that book that I didn’t know the first word about† (18). It shows that Ethan’s curiosity and intellect had very few outlets in that kind of environment. For a fifty-two year old man who found excitement in a book, it is painful to think of what he could have been had he got the chance to explore his potentials. The conflict between personal passion and social convention is another theme portrayed in the story. The character of Zeena and Mattie were so different that the reader would readily understand the choice of Ethan between them. Mattie symbolizes beauty and energy in her ways, in the colors that she uses from the ribbons in her hair to the dish that she illicitly uses whereas Zeena possesses the deathly and sickly qualities in life. The sexual and emotional frustration in the marriage of Zeena and Ethan is symbolized by the unused pickle dish. Though shown as Zeena’s most prized possession, it remains at the topmost of the china closet left and unused. The barren relationship that they have is further portrayed with them not having children and hardly ever sharing a conversation. Ethan fell in love with Mattie and had come to hate Zeena but his strong sense of marital duty prevents him from deciding to be with Mattie. He acts with uncertainty and frustration under the looming shadow of his obligation to Zeena that it created a conflict in him. Ethan is also hesitant to leave his sickly wife for he believes that if he went away it would leave Zeena alone and penniless. Even in the moment when Zeena went away, her presence was greatly felt in imagined visions and in the symbol of the cat. Conventionally, the society upholds marriage as a sacred bond and is, in fact, at the apex of the set social orders. A man and woman are joined in marriage; it is protected by the norms of the society to keep the union intact. The critical eyes of the society is so that it could even permeate walls of intimate moments like the evening that Ethan and Mattie spent together when Zeena went away from the town to see a doctor. Their excitement though withered when the cat broke the dish and the looming figure of Zeena in their minds. Zeena’s absence bear more weight that her presence that conversation became impossible. The circumstance does not allow them to attempt to recreate a fantasy of life together, spending an evening as a husband and wife would. Their passion was shrouded by guilt and the unseen eyes of the society that both of them felt in the situation. As Ethan noted † in the warm lamplit room, with all its ancient implications of conformity and order, she (Mattie) seemed infinitely farther away from him and more unapproachable† (54). Conformity and order in the living room reminded Ethan that it belongs to Zeena and Ethan and could never be Mattie and Ethan. And when Ethan crossed the line when showed the slightest act of passion by kissing a piece of cloth that she was sewing, Mattie was spurred into retreating, scared of the repercussions with the transgression made. Poverty also limited the illicit lovers from taking serious step in pursuing an adulterous affair. Mattie, for one, was in a very precarious condition being dependent on the Fromes for her daily sustenance. Having nowhere else to go, she is also afraid of going into that kind of relationship with Ethan that could take away the refuge that she now has. Ethan, on the other hand, his duty to his wife and even to the Hales prevents him from acting on the situation like the loan that he planned to take from the Hale in able to elope with Mattie. Ethan did not only sacrifice his chance on love but he also sacrificed his ambitions just so he can fulfill his social duties. He had to give up his dream to move out of Starkfield and of becoming an engineer to care for his father, his mother and the farm. And upon the death of his mother, he end up in frustrated desire to fulfill his dreams for he was trapped in a marriage with a sickly wife whom he cannot bear to leave because of her condition. Though a sympathetic character, Ethan Frome can be also frustrating because of his lack determination to change the course of his life. He allows circumstances to take over him and did not decidedly pursue his interests and ambitions. Like the epitaph of the original Ethan Frome in the graveyard with his wife Endurance, he endures rather than act on his fate in pursuit of happiness and fulfillment. In his relationship with Mattie, instead of finding the courage to address his dilemma he opted for suicide with his lover, which he did not even decide on but took on upon the suggestion of Mattie. This was his only bold decision in the entire novel but this too ended up as a failure leaving him ruined and destined to live his entire life with an invalid lover and a controlling wife. Though Ethan is a sensitive and decent person he lacks emotional strength and determination. Instead of mustering enough courage to defy conventions, he chose not to take decisions and face the consequences of it, The deadened vitality of Ethan Frome from the decades of frustrations and his inability to rise up beyond the circumstances had left him in a situation where is â€Å"not much difference between the Fromes up at the farm and the Fromes down in the graveyard†.

Market Research on Havells India Ltd, Bangalore

A Report on Organization Study at HAVELLS INDIA LTD Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Bangalore University for the Award of the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION By SACHIN MANJALEKAR REG NO: 10SKCMA053 Under the Guidance of Prof Acharya Institute of Management & Sciences 1st Cross, 1st Stage, Peenya Industrial Area Bangalore – 560 058 2010 – 2012 DECLARATION I, Sachin Manjalekar, hereby declare that this the organization Study Report titled, MAREKT ANALYSIS ON PURCHASING PATTERN OF DEALERS ON HAVELLS PRODUCTS is based on the organization study by me under the guidance of Prof This report has not been submitted earlier for the award of any other degree / diploma by Bangalore University or any other University. Place: Bangalore Date: Sachin Manjalekar CERTIFICATE FROM THE GUIDE Certified that this Organization Study Report titled MARKET ANALYSIS ONPURCHASING PATTERN OF DEALERS ON HAVELLS PRODUCTS is Based on an original organization study conducted by SACHIN MANJALEKAR Of III Semester MBA under my guidance. This report has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree / Diploma by Bangalore University or any other University. Place: Bangalore Prof Shweta . M Date: Professor – MBA Acharya Institute of Management and Sciences 1st Cross, Peenya I stage, Bangalore – 560058 CERTIFICATE Certified that this Organization Study Report titled MARKET ANALYSIS ON PURCHASING PATTERN OF DEALERS ON HAVELLS PRODUCT’S is based On the study conducted by SACHIN MANJALEKAR of III Semester MBA under the guidance of Prof. This report is based on the original study undergone and has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree/diploma by Bangalore University or any other University. Prof Shweta. M Dr. Kerron. G. Reddy Professor – MBA CEO and Principal Place: Bangalore Place: Bangalore Date: Date: Acknowledgement The toughest of endeavors in the world is not possible without the support of a helping hand which guides and motivates a person to take on any challenge head on. Inputs from such helping hands are always like very essential because more often or not certain mistakes which go unnoticed from our eyes. I am thankful to Dr. Kerron G Reddy, Principal and CEO of Acharya Institute of Management and Sciences, who had provided all the required facilities to carry out the dissertation project work and nurturing my skills to execute the requirements. I am heartily thankful to my guide Prof , Acharya Institute of Management and Sciences, whose encouragement, guidance and support from the initial to the final level enabled me to develop an understanding of the subject. I offer my regards and blessings to all my Professors of AIMS who supported me in any respect during the completion of the dissertation project. Last but not the least I thank my dear parents, teachers and friends who have been source of support, strength, inspiration and encouragement for whatever I am today. CHAPTER CONTENTS Page No. CHAPTER 1 Profiles Opening lines 1. 1Introduction 1. 2Industry Profile 1. 3Company profile 1. 4Products Profile 1. 5Competitors Profile CHAPTER 2Organization Structure CHAPTER 3Functional Departments Opening lines 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. CHATPER 4SWOT Analysis CHAPTER 5Ethical / Best Practices / Policies in the organisation CHAPTER 6 Findings, Suggestions & Conclusion Bibliography & Annexure Special Task †¢Introduction †¢Statement of problem †¢objectives †¢Research Methodology †¢Analysis & Interpretation of data INTRODUCTION Industry which I have taken to do my summer internship is an Electrical industry, were their products are sold to both customers and Industrial customer segment. Products like Switchgears, Motors, Fans and wires etc†¦In this internship I have choose to do Market Analysis of on purchasing patterns of Havells products . I conducted my market research on Electrical dealers at Chikpet ,Balepet , I V K Iyengar Road of Bangalore. This Report gives the detail of purchasing pattern of 30 dealers, where they sell various different company products other than Havells like Anchor, Philips, Crompton Greaves, Polycab etc. I have mainly focused my market research on Havells products and dealers who purchase Havells products. 1 . 2 INDUSTRY PROFILE The Indian Electrical/Electronics Industry is slowly emerging like every other industry sector in India. Over the past fifty years there was no exposure to global players and competition, with the result that the Industry grew up in a sheltered environment, dependent on the Government for everything, from licenses to protection to tariffs. Each one of these interventions was aimed at securing protection for oneself and ensuring growth of one’s own organization at the cost of industry and the nation at large. Lack of global competition encouraged a â€Å"cost plus† approach, where every conceivable cost increase was passed on to the customer. There was thus no motivation to reduce costs. With deli censing, decontrol and deregulation, Indian Industry has suddenly been exposed to global competition. Since last decade, India has witnessed what global players have achieved and what they are capable of achieving. We are becoming aware of competition on our turf. In this scenario, every company complains of increased competition, lower order books and shrinking margins. The Indian Electrical/Electronics Industry is of course further besieged by the fact that there is a dearth of business on account of lack of investment in the power infrastructure. Many organizations in this industry are looking overseas to develop the export markets owing to reduced demand at home. At the outset, it must be stated that the reduced domestic demand is at best a temporary phenomenon. The power sector in India is bound to grow and this will undoubtedly boost demand from the Utilities, quite apart from the industrial demand which will continue to grow with increased industrial output. The poor financial health of the SEBs is however a damper that cannot be wished away in the short term. This will continue to plague corporates in the Electrical Industry, until the SEB restructuring and unbundling brings a turnaround in the medium term. Factors Governing the Growth of Indian Electrical Industry Every industry thrives on some supporting factors. In this connection, there are few factors governing the growth of electrical and electronics industry: †¢Research & development played an important role to the increased productivity and higher-value added electrical and electronics products. †¢Foreign investments accelerated growth in production and export as well. To expand their business, foreign companies have done huge investment which lead developing countries in establishing production units. Global industries like Medical, Telecommunications, Industrial & Automotive industries have been cordially supported by electrical & electronics industry. †¢Increase in income changed living standards of the common mass. As a result, it increased the demand of electronics especially consumer electronics products globally. †¢Electric & Electrical industry is highly fragmented which comprises of many small and me dium size enterprises resulting into a huge industry. †¢Asia Pacific region is emerging as the most spinning place for the consumer electronics industry, as the markets remain still unbroached. Innovation has played importantly in this industry. It led to a consistent demand for newer and faster products and applications. Future Prospects of Indian Electrical Industry The domestic market in India is itself large, and one must firstly satisfy this market with products that meet international quality standards. With increasing globalisation, every international player is now operating in India, providing goods and services complying with international quality. Once we deliver high quality products and services within the domestic market, accessing the international market for exports should not pose a serious challenge. The Electrical/Electronics Industry in India is growing to its full potential in the coming years and no doubt that India will soon come to be recognized for quality products and services which in turn, will bring this industry to a position of true leadership. Indian electrical industry has grown because of government's thrust on it and also due to overall economic growth. It has also reached a stage where the industry has demonstrated its capabilities. The industry has seen a growth of 20% and should continue at the same level for the next few years. 1. 3 COMPANY PROFILE Havell’s India Limited was established in 1958 and is a part of the QRG group. It is one of the India’s largest electrical and power distribution equipment manufacturer company. Havells India is in four segments namely: Switchgears, Cable , Lighting and Fixtures and Electrical Consumer Durables. It is amongst the top three players in most of its products and is fast increasing its market share through aggressive brand building Today Havells India is a billion-dollar-plus Indian electrical equipment company with products ranging from industrial & domestic circuit protection switchgear, cables & wires, motors, fans, power capacitors, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), and luminaries for domestic, commercial & industrial applications, modular switches covering household, commercial and industrial electrical needs. Havells owns global brands like Crabtree, Sylvania, Concord, Luminance, Linolite & SLI Lighting. Havells has 94 branches / representative offices and over 5000 professionals in over 50 countries. Its 12 state-of-the-art manufacturing plants in India are located at Haridwar, Baddi, Noida, Faridabad, Alwar, Neemrana, and 8 state-of-the-art manufacturing plants are located across Europe, Latin America & Africa Churn out globally acclaimed products. Havells is a name Synonymous with excellence and expertise in the electrical industry. It’s 20000 strong global distribution network is prompt to service customers. The company has acquired a number of International certifications, like CSA, KEMA, CB, CE,ASTA, CPA, SEMKO, SIRIUM (Malaysia), SPRING (Singapore), TSE (Turkey), SNI (Indonesia) and EDD (Bahrain) for various products. Today, Havells and its brands have emerged as the preferred choice of electrical products for discerning individuals and industrial consumers both in India and abroad. In an attempt to transform itself from an industrial product company to a consumer products company, Havells launched the consumer electrical products such as CFLs, Fans, Modular Switches & Luminiaires. The company has been consistent in its brand promotion with sponsorship of Cricket events like T20 World Cup, India-Australia Series and IPL. The company has also taken the initiative to reach directly to the consumers through â€Å"Havells Galaxy† – a one stop shop for all electrical and lighting needs. Social and environmental responsibility has been at the forefront of Havells operating philosophy and as a result the company consistently contributes to socially responsible activities. For instance, the company is providing mid-day meal in government schools in Alwar district, covering 15000 students per day. Besides this company has acquired land for constructing a larger kitchen with all the modern facilities to serve freshly cooked food to 50000 students in the area. Havells runs a mobile Medical Van, equipped with a trained doctor and necessary medicines in the rural areas of Delhi & NCR for the very poor and needy villagers. We also setup free medical check-up camps. In the past also, the company has generously contributed to the society during various national calamities like the Bihar Flood, Tsunami and Kargil National Relief Fund etc. The essence of Havells success lies in the expertise of its fine team of professionals, strong relationships with associates and the ability to adapt quickly and efficiently, with the vision to always think ahead. Havells is acknowledged as a manufacturer & suppliers of the widest range of quality low voltage electrical equipment. With a number of strategic alliance in place, Havells is the only company that has shown phenomenal growth rate with the help of various joint ventures,acquisition,mergers and takeovers. Havells recently acquired Frankfurt headquartered,SLI sylvania for $ 300 mn. The company is a leading global designer and provider of lighting systems for lamps and fixtures. Sylvania is one of the most globally recognized brand for over a century in the electrical industry with brand like Sylvania,Concord:marlin,Lumiance,Marlin,Claude and Linolite-Sylvania. History (Milestones-Years Achievements) 1958: Commenced trading operations in Delhi 1971: Bought HAVELLS Brand 1976: Set up the first manufacturing plant for Rewireable Switches and Changeover Switches at Kirti Nagar, Delhi. Havells in the year 1976. 1979: Set up a manufacturing plant for HBC Fuses at Badli, Delhi. 980: Started manufacturing high quality Energy Meters at Tilak Nagar, Delhi. 1983: Acquired Towers and Transformers Ltd. and turned it into a profitably manufacturing Energy Meters Company in one year. 1987: Started manufacturing MCBs at Badli, Delhi in a Joint Venture with Geyer, Germany. 1990: Set up a manufacturing plant at Sahibabad, UP for Changeover Switches. 1993: Set up another manufact uring plant at Faridabad, Haryana for Control Gear Products. 1996: Acquired a manufacturing plant at Alwar, Rajasthan for Power Cables & Wires. Entered into a Joint Venture with Electrium, UK for manufacturing Dorman Smith MCCBs and Crabtree Modular Plate Switches. 1997: Acquired Electric Control & Switchboards at NOIDA for manufacturing customized packaged solutions. 1998: Introduced high-end Ferraris Meters in Joint Venture with DZG, Germany. 2000: Acquired controlling stake in Duke Arnics Electronics (P) Limited engaged in manufacturing of Electronic Meters-Single Phase, Three Phase, Multi Function, Tri-Vectors. Acquired controlling interest in an industry major-Standard Electricals Ltd. 001: Acquired business of Havells Industries Ltd, MCCB of Crabtree India Limited and merged ECS Limited in the company to consolidate its area of core competence. 2002: Standard Electrical Company becomes a 100% Subsidiary of the company Attained the IEC certification for Industrial switchgear and CSA certification for all manufacturing plants. 2003: Set up manufacturing plant at Baddi (H. P. ) for manufacturing of Domestic Switchgear. Se t up a manufacturing plant for manufacturing of CFL at existing manufacturing plant in Faridabad, Haryana. 2004: Set up a manufacturing plant for manufacturing of Ceiling Fans at Noida, UP. Set-up their own marketing office in London through their wholly owned subsidiary company Havells U. K. Ltd. In December 2004, placed 235 fully convertible debentures of Rs. 10 lakhs on M/s. Shine Ltd. , Mauritius and the debenture got converted in June, 2006 Attained the CE certificate for CFLs. 2005: Set up manufacturing plant in Haridwar, Uttaranchal for manufacturing Fans. Awarded the KEMA certification by The Dutch Council for Accreditation, making QRG the only group to attain this certification. Set up of R Center in Noida H. O. 2006: Crabtree India merged with Havells India. Added CFL production unit in Haridwar manufacturing plant. Expansion at Alwar manufacturing plant for increase of production capacity. Expansion at Baddi manufacturing plant and set-up of an Export Oriented Unit. 2006: First Company to get the ISI Certification for complete range of CFLs. Started mid-day meal program at Alwar, Rajasthan caters to 10,000 students from 77 schools. 2007: Set-up of Capacitor manufacturing plant in Noida, UP with the capacity of 6, 00,000 KVAr per month. Acquired the Lighting business of a Frankfurt based company â€Å"Sylvania†, a global leader in lighting business and now the company's turnover crosses US$ 1 Billion. Havells at that time was best known for its electrical switches, energy meters and miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), while SLI Sylvania was a renowned yet under-leveraged European lamps and fixtures brand. In March 2007, Havells acquired SLI Sylvania of Netherlands for $300 Million, making it the fourth largest lighting business in the world, worth over a billion USD! This was, at that time, the biggest overseas takeover by an Indian Electrical equipment manufacturer. This takeover helped take the Havells brand to over 20,000 dealers across Latin America, Europe, Asia and Africa. The combined Havells-Sylvania generated over a $1 billion in revenue with more than 60% coming from international sales. Havells’ portfolio of prestigious global brands now includes Crabtree, Sylvania, Concord, Luminance, Linolite & SLI Lighting. 2008:First Indian CFL manufacturers to have adopted RoHS, European norms on Restriction of Hazardous Substances in CFLs. Set up of Global Corporate office, QRG Towers at Expressway Noida. Havells Corporate Office. Investment of Rs. 50 Crores in Global Center for Research and Innovation (CRI). Set up of fully automatic plant for Havells Lafert Motors at Neemrana. Change in Corporate BRAND identity. [3] 2009: Set up of fully automatic 2nd unit for switchgear manufacturing at Baddi. Global consolidation of CFL manufacturing plant at Neemrana for domestic and export purposes. Launch of India’s 1st HPF CFL. Launch of India’s 1st BEE 5* Rated Fan. 2010: Inauguration of fan manufacturing unit 2 at Haridwar. Global Launch of LED products. Acquired 100% interest in Standard Electricals. Sets up World’s First New Generation CMH Lamp Plant at Neemrana. Vision â€Å"To be a globally recognized corporation that provides best electrical & lighting solutions,delivered by best in class people. † Mission To achieve our vision through fairness,business ethics, global reach,technological expertise,building long term relationships with all our associates,customers,partners,and employees. Values †¢Customer Delight:A commitment to surpassing our customer expectations. †¢Leadership by examle: A commitment to set standards in set standards in our business and transactions based on mutual trust. †¢Integrity and Transparency:A Commitment to be ethical,sincere and open in our dealings. Pursuit of Excellence: A commitment to strive relentlessly,to constantly improve ourselves, our teams,our services and products so as to become the best in class Promoters QRG Group is one of the fastest growing Electrical and Power Distribution Equipment Company in the country, manufacturing products ranging from building circuit protection, industrial & domestic switchgear, cables & wires, energy meters, fans, CFLs, luminaries, bath fittings and modular switches. The group comprises of 5 companies – 1) Havells India Ltd. (the flagship company) 2) Standard Electricals 3) Crabtree India Ltd 4) TTL 5) Sylvanias Board of Directors 1. Qimat Rai Gupta (Chairman and Managing Director) 2. Anil Gupta (Joint Managing Director) 3. Surjit Gupta (Director Operations) 4. Ameet Gupta (Director International Marketing) 5. Rajesh Gupta (Director Finance) Shareholders †¢Indian Promoters hold 61. 6%, single business focus. †¢In 2007 Warburg Pincus, a global private equity firm and one of the largest investors in India, invested US $110 million in Havells India Ltd. †¢Warburg Pincus share in havells represents 14 % of the fully diluted share capital of the company. †¢Overtime company attracted high quality long term investors Sequoia capital CLSA Blackrock SAIF partners Sloane Robinson HSBC (largest FII in India) SBI (largest bank in India) Havells Total Revenue Growth Starting off as a manufacturer of switchgears in 1971, Havells till the late 1990s was largely involved in manufacturing industrial products. Foreseeing strong growth prospects in the consumer goods category, the company later diversified into products such as fans, compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), modular switches, and power cables and wires. As these products are used mostly during building construction or renovation, the company benefited from the rapid growth in the real estate sector, reporting a robust compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 40% in its revenues in the last ten years. To further capitalize on the growth potential in the consumer goods category, Havells is now expanding its portfolio, including products such as water heaters and electrical appliances. With its main focus being on electrical consumer goods, demand for most of Havells products is driven by consumer spending and power availability. Over the last four years, the top players in domestic electrical consumer goods industry have demonstrated strong revenue growth of 15-18%, driven by rising income levels, increasing urbanization, and greater rural electrification. Further, with standards of living improving and consumer focus increasing on saving energy, the demand for quality products has been reporting strong growth. The trend is expected to sustain, with the main beneficiaries being companies with established brands and product attributes that stand out in an increasingly cluttered market, high quality standards that neutralize competition from unorganized-sector players, and extensive distribution networks that enable them to reach the high growth centre’s in Tier-II and Tier-III cities. Given its established track record, Havells is in a favorable position to capitalize on the sector‘s growth potential. We expect Havells to post a net profit CAGR of around 11% between 2009-10 and 2012-13(E) on a standalone basis. Major clients of Havells 1. 4 PRODUCT PROFILE There are twelve verticals of Havells they are as follows: 1. DP- Domestic product- (Miniature Circuit Breaker ) 2. IP- Industrial products- (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker ) 3. Switches (Modular )- Crabtree 4. Switches (Modular )- Havells 5. Motorts- Industrial 6. CFL’s-( Compact Flurosent Light ) There are various types of CFL’s they are as follows Normal, Spiral, Higher Range, T-2 Spiral, G24 Base 7. Professional Luminous 8. Consumers Luminous 9. Fans- There are various types of CFL’s they are as follows Table Fans, Wall mounted, Ceiling Fans, Exhaust Fans, Pedestal Fans 10. Geysers 11. Wires 12. Cables- There are various types of Cables they are as follows Flat Cables, Co-axial TV Cables, Telephone Switch Board Cables, Multi Core Round Products Building Circuit Protection Miniature Circuit Breaker o Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) o Isolator o Changeover Switch Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) o RCBO o Distribution Board (DB) o Indicator Light Industrial Circuit Protection o Air Circuit Breaker o MCCB o Panel Board system o Changeover Switch o By-pass Changeover Switch o Load Changeover Switch o Automatic Transfer Switch o Switch Disconnector o Control Gear o Switch Disconnector Fuse o Fuse Switch and Switch Fuse o Chamber System o Fuse Holder o Nylon F use Base o Fuse Link and Fuse Base Motors Foot Cum Flange Motor. o Foot Mounting o Flange Motor o Foot Cum Flange o Inverter Duty Motors with Forced Cooling o Crane Duty Motors o Brake Motors Normal Duty o Heavy Duty o Super Heavy Duty o Agriculture Duty o Motor Run Capacitors Lighting oLED Lighting o Consumer Lighting o Commercial Lighting o Down Lighter o Landscape – Bunker Lighting o Industrial Lighting o Area Lighting o Road Lighting o Specialty Lamps o Accessories o Aura Lighting CFL India's First HPF Green CFL. o Retrofit o Non Retrofit o Higher Range o Liliput o FPL Water Heater o Instantaneous Water Heater o Electric Storage Water Heater Cables and Wires o Power Cables – Aluminum Control Cables – Copper o Copper Flexible Cables Fans Havells Ceiling Fans. o Ceiling Fans o Table Fans o Wall Mounting Fans o Pedestal Fans o Air Circulator Fans o Ventilating Fans 3. 9 Modular Plate Switches o Havells Modular Switches o Crabtree Modular Switches Capacitors Hav ells started manufacturing of its new range of products Capacitors in February 2007 Havells Capacitors are designed and manufactured using S3 technology. It encompenses product with triple shield with differential disconnector in the event of any fault within due to environmental compatibility. Automatic controlled vacuum potting of â€Å"Element Modules† ensures fault remains localized. and protects the installation in spite of hazards Advance technologies adopted in our â€Å"Capacitors† offer you unmatched safety and outstanding performance under Indian conditions benefiting you month after month and every year from now on†¦ Figure Capacitors 1. 5 COMPETITORS PROFILE CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICES BUILDING CIRCUIT PROTECTION COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Havells II. Legrand III. Indo Asian IV. Schneider INDUSTRIAL CIRCUIT PROTECTION COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. L II. Osram III. Schneider IV. Havells POWER CABLE COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Polycab II. Havells III. Gloster WIRES COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Finolex II. Havells III. Anchor IV. FANS COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Crompton Greaves II. Orient III. Usha IV. Bajaj V. Havells ENGERY SAVINGS LAMP COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Phillips II. Havells III. Osram LIGHTING FIXTURES COMPETITOR’S POSITION I. Phillips II. Bajaj III. Crompton Greaves IV. Havells Fig : ORGANIZATION CHART EXPLANATION OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ?Havells India Ltd has straight line-functional structure. ? Qimat Rai Gupta is chairman and Managing Director of Havells India Ltd. Directors, Branch Heads, National product heads have to report Managing director. ?There are 12 different products of Havells and there are 12 different Branch Heads as show in organisation chart. ?Product Heads, Ass. Managers, Senior Sales Executive, Sales Executive, they have to report their respective Branch Heads as shown in organization chart. ? Account s Executive have to report commercial Head and commercial head have to report Branch Head. ?Similarly Service Executive has to report Service Head and service head have to report their respective Branch Heads as shown in rganization chart. Work culture at Havells QRG is continuously applying modern management techniques such as Kaizen to enable employees to improve their day to day functioning in small steps, one at a time. QRG has also implemented Japanese version of 5S which stands for â€Å"a place for everything and everything in its place†. The company has Introduced these techniques as it firmly believes that small changes add up to large results and the only way for a corporation to grow, is to make its people grow. The Group is driven by qualified and experienced professionals backed by a work force of over 4000 employees. All branches and manufacturing facilities are computerized and networked with each other. An open door policy at all levels encourages employees to be participated, innovative and creative. Empowering employees helps the organization in harnessing individual talents to the fullest. Emphasis is laid on building team spirit which helps employees to realize collective potential. Manufacturing Plants: Powerful trends are shaping up industry for the 21st century. Because of rapid spread of advanced technologies complexity of work is increasing – almost daily. With the state of the art equipments and manufacturing facilities, QRG group is helping to boost safety in workplaces from the factory to the offices, domestic buildings to commercial plazas. All the manufacturing units are probably supervised and controlled by technocrats and industry specialists. The group has well managed, well equipped tool rooms with machines like CCV Line, CNC Machines, EDM Wire Cut, Spark Erosion Machines, Lathes and Surface Grinders. Our strategic alliances with some of the leading technologycorporations in the world of electrical engineering, ensure constant access to the latest developments in the international markets, which are then adapted to the tough tropical conditions. Our manufacturing units are fully equipped with the latest and most sophisticated facilities in India. And in the hands of our highly qualified technical experts, this results in some of the most advanced product development in the country Location: Branch offices / zonal offices / manufacturing plants Haridwar, Uttaranchal Products manufactured: Fans and CFLs †¢ Baddi, Himanchal Pradesh Products manufactured: MCBs, CFLs and Switches †¢ Samepur Badli, Delhi Products manufactured: MCBs, ELCBs and DBs †¢ Tilak Nagar, Delhi Products manufactured: Energy Meters †¢ NOIDA, UP Product manufactured: Fans †¢ Alwar, Rajasthan Products manufactured: Cables & Wires †¢ Faridabad, Haryana Products manufactured: CFLs and Ind ustrial Products. †¢ Gurgaon, Haryana Luminaries and Lighting fixtures †¢ Jalandhar Products manufactured: MCBs, ELCBs, DBs, Wires and Industrial Switchgear †¢ Gurgaon, Haryana Products manufactured: Modular Plate Switches & Accessories . SWOT ANALYSIS Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves Specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and External factors those are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. A SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective. A SWOT Analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic Planning, including SWOT and SCAN analysis, has been the subject of much research. †¢ Strengths: attributes of the person or company those are helpful to achieving the objective. Weaknesses: attributes of the person or company those are harmful to achieving the objective. †¢ Opportunities: exte rnal conditions those are helpful to achieving the objective. †¢ Threats: external conditions which could do damage to the objective. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. The aim of any SWOT analysis is to identify the key internal and external factors that are important to achieving the objective. These come from within the company's unique value chain. SWOT analysis groups key pieces of information into two main categories: †¢ Internal factors – The strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. †¢ External factors – The opportunities and threats presented by the external environment to the organization STRENGTHS †¢Foreign Joint Venture & International approvals †¢World class infrastructure †¢Low cost of Production due to the easy availability of raw materials and cheap labour †¢Leveraging upon Sylvinia network (10000 distributors). †¢Global presence (Latin America, UK, Europe) †¢Largest manufacturing capacity in the country for motors †¢R & D facilities WEAKNESS †¢High power consumption and requirement of continous power supply †¢Season demand of the production due to weather condition †¢Increased cost of production due to increase in coal prices †¢Globally small Market share †¢Slowdown of real estates †¢Delays in execution of power projects OPPORTUNITIES †¢Global opportunities. †¢Growing middle class : There has been increase in the purchasing power of emerging middle-class with rise in salaries and wages, which results in rising demand for better quality of life that further necessitates infrastructure development and hence increase the demand for CFL. Technological changes: The CFL industry has made tremendous strides in technological up gradation and assimilation of latest technology. At present ninety three per cent of the total capacity in the industry is based on the capacity is based on old wet and semi-dry process technology. The induction of advanced technology has helped the industr y immensely to conserve energy and fuel and to save material substantially and hence reduced the cost of production. †¢Changing dynamics due to increased FDI inflows †¢Shift of public perception on the product from being a luxury item to necessity. Acquisition of Chinese firms for low cost manufacturing. †¢Vertical integration into Havells retail outlets. †¢Leveraging upon motor business in India THREATS †¢Unorganized market. †¢International policies on environment of highly energy efficient, low or zero noise environment efficient product †¢Unrelated diversification †¢Global slowdown effected business adversely as is largely dependent on Sylvinia BCG MATRIX BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP (BCG) MATRIX is developed by BRUCE HENDERSON Of the BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP IN THE EARLY 1970’s. According to this technique, businesses or products are classified as low or high performers depending upon their market growth rate and relative market share. Market share is the percentage of the total market that is being serviced by your company, measured either in revenue terms or unit volume terms. RELATIVE MARKET SHARE RMS = Business unit sales this year Leading rival sales this year The higher your market share, the higher proportion of the market you control. Market growth is used as a measure of a market’s attractiveness. MARKET GROWTH RATE MGR = Individual sales this year – individual sales last year Individual sales last year Markets experiencing high growth are ones where the total market share available is expanding, and there’s plenty of opportunity for everyone to make money. It is a portfolio planning model which is based on the observation that a company’s business units can be classified in to four categories: I. Stars Question marks II. Cash cows III. Dogs It is based on the combination of market growth and market share relative to the next best competitor. The matrix comprises of four quadrants each describing the size and position of the strategic business unit owned by an organization. On the vertical axis is the Market Growth rate of the market in which the business operates. A market growth rate above 10 percent is considered to be high. On the horizontal axis is the Relative Market Share. It refers to the Strategic Business Unit’s market share as compared to the firm, which is its largest competitor in the segment under consideration. The relative market share serves a measure of the company’s strength in the market segment. The two axes are divided into high & low. The growth matrix is divided into four cells each indicating a different type of business profile. QUESTION MARKS: These are Businesses that operate in high- growth markets but have low relative market shares. A question mark requires a lot of cash because the company has to spend money on plant, equipment and personnel to keep up with the fast growing market and because it wants to overtake the market leader. The company has to think hard about whether to keep on investing money into this business or put an end. Strategic options for question marks include.. I. Market penetration II. Market development III. Product development IV. Which are all intensive strategies or divestment? STARS: – It is a market leader in a high growth market. A star does not necessarily produce a positive cash flow for the company. The company must spend substantial funds to keep up with the high market growth and to fight off competitor attacks. A star is a potential business which has the competitive advantage to be a market leader in an industry that is growing fast. Strategic options for stars include. I. Integration – forward, backward and horizontal II. Market penetration III. Market development IV. Product development V. Joint ventures CASH COWS: – Stars with a falling growth rate that still have the largest relative market share and produce a lot of cash for the company is called a cash cow. The company does not have to finance expansion because the markets growth rate has slowed because the business is the market leader it enjoys economies of scale and higher profit margins. The company uses its cash cows to pay bills and support other business. ). Strong position:-strategic options are I. Product development II. Concentric diversification b). Weak position :- strategic options are I. Retrenchment II. Divestment DOGS: – Businesses that have weak market shares in low-growth markets are in the dog category. The company should consider whether they are expecting a turn around in the market growth rate or a new chance for market leadership else they should div est this business. It would be fruitless to spend and money on this matrix business. Strategic options for Dogs include I. Retrenchment (if it is believed that it could be revitalized) II. Liquidation III. Divestment (if you can find someone to buy! ) Successful products may well move from question mark through star to Cash Cow and finally to Dog. Less successful products that never gain market position will move straight from question mark to dog BCG MATRIX IN HAVELLS:- Indian Operations of the Company are divided into 4 key segments: Switchgear: Havells is the largest manufacturers of MCBs, RCCBs, and distribution boards in India . With the market share of around 25% in the market for MCBs. In FY08, switchgear contributed 25% at Rs. 5420 million to its overall revenue. This segment is the most profitable one with operating margins to the tune of 33% in the FY08. The Company currently exports MCBs to over countries, including the quality conscious European countries. The Company is the number one player in domestic switchboards with more than 20% market share and is the 4th largest in Industrial switch boards. With continued investment in power sector they expect Company to grow at 15% CAGR over FY08-FY12. Switch Gear division had EBIT margins of 32% for Q3FY09. They expect margins in this business will remain stable above 30% over long term. Cable and Wires: The cable & wire segment generated Rs 2133 million in the Q3FY09 registering y-o-y de-growth of 14% EBIT margins fell from 9. 5% 9M YTD FY08 to 5. 4% in FY09. Fall in revenues was registered due to drop in prices of cables and wires and huge margin drop in was due adjustment in inventory due to massive reduction in prices of Copper in this Quarter. Company had negative EBIT of Rs. -76 million on revenues of Rs. 2133 million for Q3. The Company is recognized as quality manufacturers of cable & wires and offers a complete range of low and high voltage PVC and XLPE cables, besides, domestic/FRLS wires, Co-Axial TV and telephone cables. Lightning and Fixtures During FY08, the turnover of the division grew at 25% y-o-y to Rs 2900 million, first quarter revenues stood at 650 million, 11% up from same period of previous year. The Company generated operating profit of Rs. 190 million with 26. 7% margins as against 12. 3% margin last year. In this division, the Company expanded its CFL capacity to become the largest CFL manufacturer in the country. They expect Company to aggressively pitch this segment by launching a range of products in lightings and fixtures as it brings products from the stable of Sylvania into the Indian markets. Currently 60% of the CFL and only 30% of the fixtures market is organized. Their estimates put Lightings and Fixtures business growth at 25% CAGR FY10E –FY12E as industrial growth is likely to pick up. Electrical Consumer Deliverables & Others Havells also offers products like electric fans, meters and ‘Crabtree’ brand bath fittings which are largely consumer products and add diversity to Havells product profile. With strong brand image among domestic consumers, Havells may launch new products like Geysers in this segment. They believe the electric fan segment, which contributes 10% to consolidated revenues, and generates operating margins in excess of 20%, is the key focus segment. The Company has increased its share form 3% to 13% in the organized fan market of INR 17 bn form FY 05 to FY08 PESTLE ANALYSIS (PEST analysis) Political (Global, national, regional, local community and trends) Economic (world, national and local trends) Social (development in society – culture, behaviour, expectations). Technological (developments: computer hardware, software, applications) Legal (world/ EU/ national legislation). Environmental (global / EU/ National issues). PESTLE Analysis is a simple technique which can be used in a fairly sophisticated way, Particularly when it is combined with Risk Analysis, SWOT Analysis, an Urgency/Impotency Grid and expert knowledge about the organisation and its external factors. PESTLE Analysis is normally used to help organisations identify and understand the external environment in which they operate and how it will operate in the future. SOCIAL FACTOR Havell acquires companies and builds internally, havells Group never loses sight of its responsibility as a good corporate citizen. Havells believes that serving people with meager or no means is the duty of every well-to-do person. It consistently puts that philosophy into action and has initiated several projects for social causes. This has greatly increased the number of children attending school regularly and also alleviates hunger. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at havells portrays the deep symbiotic relationship that the group enjoys with the communities it is engaged with. As a responsible corporate citizen, we try to contribute for social and environmental causes on a regular basis. Kitchen with Modern Facilities The company has acquired land for constructing a large kitchen with all the modern facilities to serve the meal to around 40000 to 50000 students. Mid Day Meal Being a responsible and concerned corporate citizen, QRG also undertakes other welfare activities in and around its plant locations, In Alwar region; the company is providing mid-day meal close to 15000 students of primary schools. Check-up Camps Blood Donation Camps Contribution towards Tsunami and Kargil National Relief Fund. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTOR Research and Development Innovation is the hallmark of every vital development at havells Group. New ideas, inventions deepen scientific knowledge and give its work force a new impetus towards technical progress. Havells’s technological strengths and its endeavour towards continuous research & development have allowed it to fulfils its responsibilities towards its customers. The responsibility of providing its customers the best products and zero defect services to enable them to be comfortable and secure in usage of electricity. Havells has recently invested 50 crores in the QRG Center for Research and Innovation, set-up at the company's Head Office premises in Noida, U. P. The objective of this centre is to provide the theoretical & experimental foundations for all segments of electrical engineering. The centre closely cooperates with the various departments so as to provide the best and the latest in terms of technology and design. Quality Control The essence of quality is closely wrapped in the way we think, plan and work. It finds its true expression when we extend beyond ourselves to exceed our customer’s expectations. To deliver products those are safer, faster and simply better. Each time, every time. Building customer confidence through teamwork is a top priority to provide a wide variety of products and services. Realising and respecting the basic needs of customers to feel more secure, we've committed ourselves to make our products better, safer and smarter than what he or she is looking for. That's a passion that began 30 years ago and that's how it continues to be even today. Our customers rely on us and it is our responsibility to give them the very best. All our products are as per IEC standards. QRG has a simple rule on quality. If it doesn't exceed customer expectation, it's not quality ECONOMIC FACTOR The Havells Group defines corporate governance strategically, which encompasses not only what we do as a company with our profits, but also how we make them. It goes beyond philanthropy and compliance and addresses how our company manages its economic, social, and environmental impacts, as well as its relationships in all key spheres of influence: the workplace, the marketplace, the supply chain, the community, and the public policy realm. We as a company have been in lead in offering a portfolio of eco responsible products and services that deliver powerful, sustainable, energy-efficient solutions that don't compromise on capacity and security. Our eco responsibility initiative also focuses on how we run our business, and includes efforts to develop an alternative-energy strategy, and thus reduce the environmental impact of our operations. We strive to bring corporate responsibility to every aspect of our business. We're committed to managing a responsible and diverse supply chain that's consistent with our high standards for environmental and business practices. Breaking down the barriers that constrain innovation is a challenge; we have readily embraced right from the start. Our ability to build communities and promote the exchange of ideas through assistive technologies, participation programs, and standardization is transforming the way people experience our products. We offer our customers holistic energy-efficient solutions, enabling them to not only save money and protect their capital investment, but also lower their energy usage and protect the environment, thus fulfilling our CSR responsibility of sustenance of depleting environmental resources. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ETHICS An implicit sense of ethical business conduct has been the cornerstone of the havells way on corporate governance. On issues ranging from customer care and business excellence to financial propriety and more, explicit rules and regulations supplement the traditional values on which our group companies have been shaped. This is what we have endeavored to do in the 50 years of our existence. Our values of understanding, trust, integrity and ethics have served us in good stead. Corporate governance as practiced by our Group translates into being fair and civic-minded, fulfilling our duties to the entire spectrum of stakeholders, and, most importantly, making integrity an article of faith across all our operations. The group's adherence to ethical business conduct is rooted in the vision of its Founder Mr Qimat Rai Gupta. We started on sound and straightforward business principles, considering the interests of our shareholders and welfare of our employees as foundation of our long term success. The ‘leadership with trust' philosophy that has come to play such a vital role in how our customers perceive us is all the more remarkable given the climate of unparalleled public distrust of people in positions of authority today both in business and politics. Employee Relations Our people are the key to our success. Their skills, knowledge, ideas and enthusiasm drive our business. We have high-quality, diverse workforce and employees who fulfill their potential. We have achieved this by giving them development and advancement opportunities along with competitive compensation and benefits that appropriately reward performance We communicate widely with employees to demonstrate how their efforts contribute to our success and to listen to their concerns. We also encourage them to align with our vision. We are committed to open communications and a workplace where everyone's voice is heard. We use several channels to communicate with employees, including an internal web portal and company website along with communication sessions with the top management of the company. These sessions provide assessment of employee satisfaction and are inputs for business planning, management decision-making and company strategy development. They also help employees implement company policies, meet high standards of conduct and ensure their behavior reflects company values and policies. We seek to meet leading health, safety and wellness standards to enhance our business performance while optimizing employee health. Our facility policies are designed to continually reduce the risk of occupational injury and illness while promoting employee health and wellbeing. We wish to be a company that is known for its leadership in corporate ethics and responsibility. A company where employees are proud to work, and customers, partners and suppliers want to do business with. 5. SPECIAL TASK MARKET ANALYSIS ON PURCHASING PATTERN OF HAVELLS DEALER SURVEY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: ?To study the Purchasing Pattern of Dealers of Havells product ? To find how the product is accepted in the market. ? To know the perception of customer regarding the quality of Havells. ? To know how satisfied are Dealers with the products they purchase and the services provided by the company RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Research refers to a search for knowledge. It is a systematic way of collecting and recording the facts in the form of numerical data relevant to the formulated problems and arriving at certain conclusions over the problem based on collected data. Thus formulation of the problem is the first and foremost step in the research process followed by the collection, recording, tabulation, analysis and drawing the conclusions. The problem formulation starts with defining the problems or number of problems in the functional area. To detect the functional area and locate the exact problem is most important part of any research as the whole research is based on the problem. Research extends knowledge of human being, social life and environment. It unravels the mysteries of nature. It verifies and tests existing facts and theory and these help in improving our knowledge and ability to handle situation and events. The questionnaire method is closed-ended questionnaire. It is a structured ones with four alternative responses from which respondent can choose. They contain standardized answers and they are simple to administer and easy to compile and analyse. SAMPLING: Sampling is the selection of some of some part of an aggregate or totality on the basis of which a judgment or inference about the aggregate or totality is made. In briefly, â€Å"sample is a smaller representation of whole†. SAMPLE SIZE: 30 SAMPLE UNITS: Electrical Dealers at Bangalore (Chikpet, Balepet, B. V. K Iyengar Road, R. T. Street) SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION: Data serves as the basis or raw materials for analysis. The relevance, accuracy, adequacy and reliability of data determine the quality of the findings of the study. Data collection includes gathering the relevant information from different sources of data pertaining to the study under consideration. PRIMARY DATA: Primary date has been collected through:- I. OBSERVATION: – Here we have observed retailers About their purchasing behaviors . II. SURVEYS: – In Survey We have used Questionnaire Method, few Questionnaires have been asked to the Dealers. SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data was taken mainly from the internet and the URL are as follows:- I. www. havells. com II. www. wikipedia. com III. www. scribd. com IV. www. icra. com DURATION OF THE STUDY:- The study was carried out for a period of 20 days . DEALER SURVEY 1. Have you heard about Havells ? a. Yes b. No 2. Do you buy Havells product? a. Yes b. No If No why †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.? 3. How many different products of Havells you know? a. 1-2 b. 3-5 c. 6-8 d. 9-12 4. What are the Havells Modular Switches you are dealing with? a. Corel Range b. Pearlz Range c. Oro Range 5. What are the Havells CFL you are dealing with? a. Normal b, Spiral c. Higher Range d. T-5 6. What are the Copper Flexible Cables you deal with? a. Flat Cables b. Co-axial TV Cables c. Telephone Switch Board Cables d. Multi Core Round 7. What are the Havells IP you deal with? a. Industrial Switch Gears b. Meters c. Capacitors d. Motors 8. What are the Havells DP you deal with ? a. MCB b. RCCB c. DB 9. Which Havells Fans do customers prefer the most ? a. Ceiling Fans b. Table Fans c. Wall mounted d. Exhaust Fans 10. How Effective are the promotional activities of Havells ? a. Very Good b. Good c. Average d. Poor e. Very Bad 11. What are the other brands they are dealing with ? a. IP †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b. DP †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. c. Switches †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. d. Fans †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. e. CFL †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. f. Wires †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. g. Cables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. h. Geysers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. i. Motors †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. j. Professional Luminous †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. k. Consumer Luminous †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12. Which Range is highest sold in your counter ? a. Lights b. Fans c. Industrial Circuit Protection d. Building CP 13. How do you rate Havells Sales staff support ? a. Very Good b. Good. c. Average d. Poor. e. Very Bad 4. What type of products do you want to sell ? a. Quality Products b. Guarantee Products c. Less Price Products d. Good Service Products 15. Which Company Products you buy the most ? a. Philips b. Havells c. Anchor d. Crompton Greaves 16. Do you get enquiry for our products from customers ? a. Yes b. No 17. What is the proportionate ratio of Havells sales in your counter with respect to other brands you deal ? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 18. How do you rate Havells in dealing with commercial terms? a. Very Good b. Good c. Average d. Poor 19. How do you rate the after sale service of Havells company ? . Very Good b. Good c. Average d . Poor 20. How Satisfied are you with Havells ? a. Strongly satisfied b. Satisfied c. Dissatisfied SUGGESTIONS :- Data Analysis and Interpretation 1. Have you heard abo ut Havells? The Dealers have heard about Havells 2. Do you buy Havells product? All the Dealers buy Havells product (Since Dealers survey was restricted to the Dealers who buy Havells product) 3. How many different products of Havells you buy ? INTERPRETATION: Most of Dealers buy products in the range of 3-5, which includes Lights, Circuit Protection and Switches and Fans 4. What are the Havells Modular Switches you are dealing with? Coral Range5 Pearlz Range2 Oro Range1 INTERPRETATION: Most of the Dealers deal with Coral switches, few with Pearlz 5. What are the Havells CFL you are dealing with? Normal8 Spiral4 Higher Range2 T-2 Spiral3 G 24 Base1 INTERPRETATION : Normal Range CFL is highest sold in there counter when compared to other range of CFL’S 6. What are the Copper Flexible Cables you deal with ? Flat CablesNil Coaxial1 Telephone Switch boardNil Multi Core Round2 INTERPRETATION : Polycab and Finolex rule the market in Multic core round and Coaxial cables . What are the Havells IP you deal with ? Industrial Switch Gears8 Meters3 Capacitors2 Motors2 INTERPRETATION : In Industrial Circuit Protection , Most of the Dealers deal with Industrial Switch Gears and rest of them have equal share 8. What are the Havells DP you deal with ? MCB8 RCCB8 DB2 9. Which Havells Fans do customes prefer the most ? Ceiling Fans7 Table Fans7 Wall Mounted7 Exhaus t Fans4 10. How Effective are the promotional activities of Havells ? Very Good2 Good16 Average2 PoorNIL 11. What are the other brands they are dealing with other than Havells ? a. IP b. DP c. Switches d. Fans e. CFL f. Wires h. Geysers 12. Which Range is highest sold in your counter ? Lights4 Fans7 Industrial Circuit Protection4 Building CP3 13. How do you rate Havells Sales staff support ? Very GoodNil Good7 Average6 Poor4 14. What type of products do you want to sell ? Quality Products12 Guarantee Products10 Less Price5 Good Service Products10 INTERPRETATION : Most the Dealers want to purchase Quality and Guaranteed Products 15. Which Company Products you buy the most ? 16. Do you get enquiry for our products from customers ? Yes30 No3 17. What is the proportionate ratio of Havells sales in your counter with respect to other brands you deal with? 18. How do you rate Havells in dealing with commercial terms? Very GoodNil Good10 Average6 Poor5 19. How do you rate the after sale service of Havells company? Very GoodNil Good11 Average7 Poor8 20. How Satisfied are you with Havells? Strongly SatisfiedNil Satisfied15 Dissatisfied2 FINDINGS 1. More than 70% of the Dealers are selling Havells products 2. 80% of the Dealers think that the price of the Havells is higher when compared to other company. 3. 0 % of the Dealers are satisfied with Havells and 20% are dissatisfied. 4. 60% of the Dealers told that the sales of Havells increased from before. 5. Out of all categories of Havells Products MCB is the highest selling in most of the stores. 6. 60% of the Dealers told that they will prefer selling Havells because customers are demanding it more. 7. 70% of the Dealers are satisfied with the delivery services the Havells but 20 % of the Dealers are not satisfied with the delivery services. 8. Replacement of Havells Products when compared to other company products takes longer duration.